{"title":"All Antibiotics \u0026 Antimicrobials","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"16\" data-end=\"392\"\u003eGoldBio’s antibiotic collection supports molecular biology, microbiology, protein purification, and cell culture research with a wide range of dependable selective agents and antimicrobial compounds. Researchers use these products for bacterial and mammalian selection, contamination control, and routine laboratory applications requiring consistent antimicrobial performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"591\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eWith flexible pack sizes, ready-to-use formats, and bulk quote options available, GoldBio helps laboratories manage costs while maintaining the quality and reliability needed for everyday research.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"ampicillin-sodium-usp-grade","title":"Ampicillin (Sodium), USP Grade","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"764\" data-start=\"200\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eGoldBio’s\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eAmpicillin (Sodium) is a high-purity β-lactam antibiotic widely used for plasmid selection and bacterial culture maintenance. By inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, ampicillin selectively eliminates non-transformed cells while enabling the growth of plasmid-bearing bacteria that express β-lactamase resistance genes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"764\" data-start=\"200\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eThis selective pressure is essential for maintaining recombinant plasmids during cloning experiments, recombinant protein expression, and routine propagation of engineered bacterial strains.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1174\" data-start=\"766\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eThe sodium salt form offers excellent water solubility, allowing you to quickly prepare sterile stock solutions and accurately supplement growth media such as LB agar or broth.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1174\" data-start=\"766\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eBecause of its consistent activity and compatibility with widely used plasmid vectors and host strains, ampicillin remains one of the most common antibiotics for maintaining selective conditions in bacterial cultures.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1548\" data-start=\"1176\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eGoldBio’s USP-grade formulation provides dependable purity and performance, supporting reproducible results in cloning, antibiotic resistance studies, β-lactamase research, and other microbiology applications.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmpicillin Stock Solution - 100 mg\/ml\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003eInstructions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col type=\"1\" start=\"1\" style=\"margin-top: 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eWeigh 1 g of Ampicillin (Ampicillin (Sodium), GoldBio Catalog # A-301 [CAS 69-52-3, mw.= 371.4]).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eAdd 10 ml of sterile H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO. Dissolve completely.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003ePrewet a 0.22 μm syringe filter by drawing through 5-10 ml of sterile H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO and discard water.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eSterilize Ampicillin Stock through the prepared 0.22 μm syringe filter.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eStock may be kept at -80°C for 1 year.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\" style=\"margin-top: 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNote: Ampicillin solutions degrade 13% after one week at -20°C.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Research Applications for Ampicillin Sodium\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Click each for more information)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBacterial Selection in Molecular Cloning \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ampicillin sodium is widely used to select \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c\/em\u003e and other bacteria transformed with plasmids encoding β-lactamase (Amp\u003csup\u003eR\u003c\/sup\u003e).\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis. Only bacteria expressing β-lactamase survive.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Maintaining selective pressure for plasmid retention in cloning, recombinant protein expression, and plasmid amplification.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eSutcliffe, J. G. (1978). Nucleotide sequence of the ampicillin resistance gene of \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c\/em\u003e plasmid pBR322. \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c\/em\u003e, 75(8), 3737–3741.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaintenance of Recombinant Strains in Protein Expression Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ensures retention of recombinant plasmids during large-scale protein expression in \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Continued antibiotic pressure prevents plasmid loss by eliminating non-resistant cells.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Academic and industrial recombinant protein production workflows.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eSørensen, H. P., \u0026amp; Mortensen, K. K. (2005). Advanced genetic strategies for recombinant protein expression in \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Biotechnology\u003c\/em\u003e, 115(2), 113–128.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotic Susceptibility Testing and Resistance Studies \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Serves as a control and test antibiotic for characterizing bacterial β-lactam resistance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ampicillin is incorporated into MIC assays or disk diffusion tests to determine bacterial susceptibility profiles.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Clinical microbiology research, resistance monitoring, antimicrobial susceptibility testing.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). (2024). \u003cem\u003eBreakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy of β-Lactamase Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used as a β-lactam substrate in enzymatic assays for β-lactamase activity and inhibitor characterization.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ampicillin hydrolysis by β-lactamases can be monitored spectrophotometrically or chromatographically.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Studies of enzyme kinetics, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and β-lactamase inhibitor development.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eDrawz, S. M., \u0026amp; Bonomo, R. A. (2010). Three decades of β-lactamase inhibitors. \u003cem\u003eClinical Microbiology Reviews\u003c\/em\u003e, 23(1), 160–201.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection in Mammalian Cell Culture with Shuttle Vectors \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Enables bacterial-phase propagation and selection of shuttle vectors before transfection into mammalian cells.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Plasmids used in mammalian expression systems typically include an ampicillin resistance gene for propagation in \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c\/em\u003e during plasmid amplification.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Transfection-grade plasmid preparation and mammalian expression workflows.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eSambrook, J., \u0026amp; Russell, D. W. (2001). \u003cem\u003eMolecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual\u003c\/em\u003e (3rd ed.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraph\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003eReliable Plasmid Selection:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e Ensures high-efficiency selection in \u003ci\u003eE. coli\u003c\/i\u003e and other gram-negative hosts using β-lactamase-expressing vectors.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003eEasy Preparation:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e Highly soluble in water, simplifying sterile stock solution preparation and media supplementation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003eProtocol Compatibility:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e Compatible with standard LB agar, broth, and transformation methods, and used across nearly all major vector systems.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003eReproducibility and Quality:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e USP-grade material offers consistency for both bench research and scale-up production.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003eVersatility in Molecular Workflows:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003e Plays a role in both bacterial and pre-transfection plasmid workflows, offering flexibility for research transitions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C. Soluble in water.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854634250297,"sku":"A-301-5","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854634283065,"sku":"A-301-10","price":55.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854634315833,"sku":"A-301-25","price":73.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854634348601,"sku":"A-301-100","price":242.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":44854634381369,"sku":"A-301-500","price":1095.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/A-301.jpg?v=1757445616"},{"product_id":"carbenicillin-disodium","title":"Carbenicillin (Disodium), USP Grade","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #7f7f7f; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 128; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eCarbenicillin Disodium is a superior β-lactam antibiotic optimized for molecular biology and plant transformation research. More chemically stable than ampicillin, it delivers consistent plasmid selection with reduced satellite colony formation and extended antibiotic activity in liquid or solid media. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #7f7f7f; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 128; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eIts compatibility with plant regeneration systems also makes it a preferred reagent for post-transformation \u003ci\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/i\u003e elimination. From recombinant bacterial expression to clean \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c\/i\u003e culture, GoldBio’s Carbenicillin Disodium ensures reproducibility and reliability.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2320\"\u003eFunctional Highlights and Mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2321\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2321\" data-end=\"2593\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2593\"\u003eCarbenicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic: it contains the characteristic four-membered β-lactam ring fused to a thiazolidine ring. This structure distorts the amide bond, making it reactive toward penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2594\" data-end=\"2848\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2596\" data-end=\"2848\"\u003eIn sensitive bacterial cells, carbenicillin inhibits PBPs that are responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan in the cell wall. Without this cross-linking the cell wall weakens and the bacterium undergoes lysis. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2849\" data-end=\"3133\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"3133\"\u003eBecause carbenicillin disodium is more stable than ampicillin (less degradation\/hydrolysis in solution), it provides longer selective pressure, leading to fewer satellite colonies and more reliable plasmid retention during bacterial growth. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/goldbio.com\/product\/960\/carbenicillin-disodium?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/goldbio.com\/product\/960\/carbenicillin-disodium?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2849\" data-end=\"3133\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"3133\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/goldbio.com\/product\/960\/carbenicillin-disodium?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/goldbio.com\/product\/960\/carbenicillin-disodium?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eIn plant transformation systems, carbenicillin is frequently used post-transformation to eliminate bacterial (e.g., **Agrobacterium tumefaciens) cells without severely affecting plant regeneration, leveraging its selective activity and increased stability. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3435\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3437\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003eBecause the GoldBio formulation is USP Grade, it is intended for research-use only, supporting downstream applications in molecular cloning, expression, and selection workflows with minimal variability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3437\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3437\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003eRecommended Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3692\" data-end=\"3722\"\u003eRecommended Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"4516\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3890\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3725\" data-end=\"3890\"\u003eUse in bacterial cloning workflows for selection of plasmids carrying β-lactamase (Amp^R) genes, especially when longer culture times or high density are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3891\" data-end=\"4030\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3893\" data-end=\"4030\"\u003eUse in recombinant protein expression systems where maintaining plasmid integrity across overnight or large-scale cultures is critical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4031\" data-end=\"4205\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4033\" data-end=\"4205\"\u003eUse in plant molecular biology for elimination of Agrobacterium or other Gram-negative contaminants post transformation, with minimal impact on plant tissue regeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4377\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4208\" data-end=\"4377\"\u003eUse in any lab workflow where reduced satellite colony formation on antibiotic plates is advantageous (for example colony screening, transformation efficiency assays).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4378\" data-end=\"4516\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4380\" data-end=\"4516\"\u003eUse in mixed antibiotic regimes or when upgrading from ampicillin to a more stable β-lactam antibiotic to improve selection consistency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4518\" data-end=\"4553\"\u003eUsage Tips and Considerations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4554\" data-end=\"5665\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4554\" data-end=\"4710\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4556\" data-end=\"4710\"\u003ePrepare fresh antibiotic stock solutions as recommended (e.g., dissolve in water, sterile filter, aliquot, freeze if necessary) and label appropriately.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4711\" data-end=\"4953\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4713\" data-end=\"4953\"\u003eBecause carbenicillin has improved stability, it enables longer incubation periods; still validate optimal antibiotic concentration for your strain\/selection marker (commonly 50–200 µg\/mL, though you should confirm for your plasmid\/host).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4954\" data-end=\"5130\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4956\" data-end=\"5130\"\u003eIn plate-based selections, fewer satellite colonies are expected compared to ampicillin due to slower antibiotic degradation — this improves accuracy during colony picking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5131\" data-end=\"5355\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5133\" data-end=\"5355\"\u003eWhen using in plant tissue culture, verify that your plant species and regeneration protocol tolerate the antibiotic concentration used; though carbenicillin is commonly used, dosages and regeneration sensitivities vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5356\" data-end=\"5503\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5358\" data-end=\"5503\"\u003eStore powder desiccated at −20 °C (or as specified by lot COA). Avoid repeated thermal cycling or moisture exposure, which may reduce activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5504\" data-end=\"5665\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5506\" data-end=\"5665\"\u003eBecause this product is labelled “USP Grade” intended for research, not for clinical use — ensure your use aligns with institutional and regulatory guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCommon Research Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Click each for more information)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlasmid-Based Selection in E. coli \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Selects \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c\/em\u003e carrying plasmids with β-lactamase resistance genes (e.g., Amp\u003csup\u003eR\u003c\/sup\u003e).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Carbenicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. Unlike ampicillin, it is chemically more stable in aqueous solution, providing consistent selective pressure and reducing plasmid loss over time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Molecular cloning, recombinant protein expression, plasmid propagation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKołek, M., Frański, R., \u0026amp; Frańska, M. (2019). Hydrolysis of Penicillin G and Carbenicillin in Pure Water – As Studied by HPLC\/ESI-MS. \u003cem\u003eMass Spectrometry Letters\u003c\/em\u003e, 10(4), 108–111.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReduction of Satellite Colony Formation \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Minimizes formation of false-positive colonies on selection plates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Carbenicillin's slower degradation prevents β-lactamase-mediated diffusion zones and reduces satellite colony growth.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Transformation screening and colony picking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStable Selection in Long-Term or High-Volume Liquid Cultures \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Maintains selective pressure during overnight or scaled-up bacterial cultures.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Carbenicillin resists hydrolysis and thermal degradation more effectively than ampicillin, leading to improved plasmid retention.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Fermentation, overnight growth, large-batch recombinant protein production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKołek, M., Frański, R., \u0026amp; Frańska, M. (2019). Hydrolysis of Penicillin G and Carbenicillin in Pure Water – As Studied by HPLC\/ESI-MS. \u003cem\u003eMass Spectrometry Letters\u003c\/em\u003e, 10(4), 108–111.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-Transformation Elimination of Agrobacterium \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Clears \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium tumefaciens\u003c\/em\u003e from plant tissue after transformation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Selectively inhibits Gram-negative bacteria while minimizing phytotoxicity in plant explants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis\u003c\/em\u003e, chrysanthemum, papaya, and other plant transformation protocols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYu, T.-A., Yeh, S.-D., \u0026amp; Yang, J.-S. (2001). Effects of carbenicillin and cefotaxime on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis from adventitious roots of papaya (\u003cem\u003eCarica papaya\u003c\/em\u003e L.). \u003cem\u003eBotanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica\u003c\/em\u003e, 42(4), 281–286.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl of Gram-Negative Contaminants in Tissue Culture \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Maintains axenic conditions in vitro without harming plant cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Suppresses Gram-negative bacteria while supporting shoot regeneration and embryogenesis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, micropropagation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShehata, A. M., Wannarat, W., Skirvin, R. M., \u0026amp; Norton, M. A. (2010). The dual role of carbenicillin in shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis of horseradish (\u003cem\u003eArmoracia rusticana\u003c\/em\u003e) in vitro. \u003cem\u003ePlant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture\u003c\/em\u003e, 102, 397–402.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":45391547465785,"sku":"C-103-1","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854634905657,"sku":"C-103-5","price":70.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854634938425,"sku":"C-103-25","price":238.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854634971193,"sku":"C-103-50","price":423.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854635003961,"sku":"C-103-100","price":736.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854635036729,"sku":"C-103-250","price":1540.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/C-103.jpg?v=1757445617"},{"product_id":"hygromycin-b","title":"Hygromycin B","description":"\u003cp\u003eGoldBio’s Hygromycin B (≥98% HPLC pure) enables high-stringency selection in transformation involving plants, fungi, algae, yeast, and mammalian systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHygromycin B is a powerful aminoglycoside antibiotic used extensively in molecular biology for the selection of genetically engineered cells across diverse research organisms. By inhibiting 30S ribosomal activity, it ensures only cells expressing the \u003cem\u003ehph \u003c\/em\u003eresistance gene survive, streamlining genetic manipulation with minimal background.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith decades of successful use in CRISPR, \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e-mediated transformation, lentiviral transduction, and algal engineering, Hygromycin B is a proven tool for transgene selection and stable cell line generation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChoose GoldBio’s Hygromycin B for efficient, reproducible, and broad-spectrum selection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LABS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN.B. \u003c\/strong\u003eInternational shipments MUST be shipped by air (including Canada and Mexico). Shipments of 25 g, 50 g and 100 g will be shipped as multiples of 25 g units to qualify for the small quantity exception. 500 g pack sizes are a hazardous shipment and will incur a hazmat fee, which we estimate to be $65.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Applications:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Click each for more information)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelectable Marker in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Transformation \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: To select genetically modified cells containing the hygromycin resistance gene (\u003cem\u003ehph\u003c\/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003ehygR\u003c\/em\u003e).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Hygromycin B inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Only transformed cells expressing the resistance gene survive under antibiotic pressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Plant, yeast, mammalian, and bacterial transformation workflows for plasmid or genomic integration screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlochlinger, K., \u0026amp; Diggelmann, H. (1984). Hygromycin B phosphotransferase as a selectable marker for DNA transfer experiments with higher eukaryotic cells. \u003cem\u003eMolecular and Cellular Biology\u003c\/em\u003e, 4(12), 2929–2931.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaintenance of Transgenes in Stable Cell Lines \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: To preserve stable expression of transgenes or selection cassettes following genomic integration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Hygromycin B is maintained in growth media to eliminate cells lacking the resistance cassette, ensuring long-term stability of engineered populations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Stable mammalian cell lines such as HEK293 and CHO for CRISPR tools, reporters, and recombinant protein expression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSanjana, N. E., Shalem, O., \u0026amp; Zhang, F. (2014). Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening. \u003cem\u003eNature Methods\u003c\/em\u003e, 11(8), 783–784.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFungal Transformation and Selection \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: To genetically manipulate fungi for functional genomics, industrial biotechnology, and pathogenicity studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Fungal cells expressing the \u003cem\u003ehph\u003c\/em\u003e resistance gene survive on hygromycin-containing media following transformation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Transformation of \u003cem\u003eBotrytis cinerea\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eNeurospora\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c\/em\u003e, and other filamentous fungi for knockout and reporter studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHamada, W., Reignault, P., Bompeix, G., \u0026amp; Boccara, M. (1994). Transformation of \u003cem\u003eBotrytis cinerea\u003c\/em\u003e with the hygromycin B resistance gene, \u003cem\u003ehph\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eCurrent Genetics\u003c\/em\u003e, 26(3), 251–255.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection in Algal and Cyanobacterial Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: To enable genetic engineering in photosynthetic microbes used in biofuel, metabolic, and environmental research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Transformed algal or cyanobacterial cells expressing \u003cem\u003ehph\u003c\/em\u003e survive under hygromycin selection, allowing enrichment of engineered strains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Genetic engineering of \u003cem\u003eChlamydomonas reinhardtii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSynechocystis\u003c\/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eAnabaena\u003c\/em\u003e species for synthetic biology applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLadygin, V. G., \u0026amp; Boutanaev, A. M. (2002). Transformation of \u003cem\u003eChlamydomonas reinhardtii\u003c\/em\u003e CW15 with the Hygromycin Phosphotransferase Gene as a Selectable Marker. \u003cem\u003eRussian Journal of Genetics\u003c\/em\u003e, 38, 1009–1014.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneration of Transgenic Plants \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: To select plant tissues or calli that have successfully integrated T-DNA carrying \u003cem\u003ehph\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Only transformed plant cells expressing hygromycin resistance regenerate and proliferate under hygromycin selection pressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Functional genomics and trait engineering in rice, \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis\u003c\/em\u003e, tobacco, and other crop or model plant systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHiei, Y., Ohta, S., Komari, T., \u0026amp; Kumashiro, T. (1994). Efficient transformation of rice (\u003cem\u003eOryza sativa\u003c\/em\u003e L.) mediated by \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA. \u003cem\u003ePlant Journal\u003c\/em\u003e, 6(2), 271–282.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBenefit:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulti-host compatibility: Applicable to plants, fungi, algae, yeast, and mammalian systems using the same \u003cem\u003ehph \u003c\/em\u003egene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEfficient selection: High stringency ensures fast elimination of non-transformants, reducing background and saving time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVersatile in genome engineering: Compatible with CRISPR\/Cas9, stable integration, T-DNA systems, and viral delivery tools.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReliable in long-term maintenance: Ideal for preserving stable expression of inserted constructs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBacked by decades of literature: A well-characterized selection antibiotic with reproducible performance across systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854635561017,"sku":"H-270-1","price":112.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 x 1 g","offer_id":44854635593785,"sku":"H-270-2-1","price":214.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 x 1 g","offer_id":44854635692089,"sku":"H-270-5-1","price":502.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 x 1 g","offer_id":44854635757625,"sku":"H-270-10-1","price":862.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/H-270.jpg?v=1757445631"},{"product_id":"valproate-sodium","title":"Valproate Sodium","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"727\" data-start=\"277\"\u003eValproate Sodium (the sodium salt of valproic acid) is a well-characterized small molecule frequently used in neuroscience, pharmacology, epigenetics, and cellular signaling research. As a widely studied anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer, this compound is also a valuable tool for mechanistic investigations, particularly its effects on GABAergic signaling, histone deacetylases (HDACs), epigenetic regulation, and neuroprotective pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"941\" data-start=\"729\"\u003eIn in vitro and in vivo research, Valproate Sodium enables controlled modulation of neuronal and cellular activity, making it useful for disease modeling, transcriptional studies, and drug screening applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"946\" data-start=\"943\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"983\" data-start=\"948\"\u003eKey Specifications \u0026amp; Identity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"1709\" data-start=\"985\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"1027\" data-start=\"985\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1027\" data-start=\"985\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"996\" data-start=\"985\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1027\" data-start=\"996\"\u003eDescription \/ Typical Value\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"1709\" data-start=\"1038\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1145\" data-start=\"1038\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1071\" data-start=\"1038\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1070\" data-start=\"1040\"\u003eSynonyms \/ Alternate Names\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1145\" data-start=\"1071\"\u003eSodium Valproate; Valproic Acid Sodium Salt; 2-Propylpentanoate Sodium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1253\" data-start=\"1146\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1180\" data-start=\"1146\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1179\" data-start=\"1148\"\u003eChemical \/ Structural Class\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1253\" data-start=\"1180\"\u003eBranched-chain fatty acid derivative; anticonvulsant \/ HDAC inhibitor\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1284\" data-start=\"1254\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1271\" data-start=\"1254\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1270\" data-start=\"1256\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1284\" data-start=\"1271\"\u003e1069-66-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1319\" data-start=\"1285\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1303\" data-start=\"1285\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1302\" data-start=\"1287\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1319\" data-start=\"1303\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/16760703\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1317\" data-start=\"1305\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e16760703\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1357\" data-start=\"1320\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1344\" data-start=\"1320\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1343\" data-start=\"1322\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1357\" data-start=\"1344\"\u003eC₈H₁₅NaO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1397\" data-start=\"1358\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1381\" data-start=\"1358\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1380\" data-start=\"1360\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1397\" data-start=\"1381\"\u003e166.19 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1469\" data-start=\"1398\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1418\" data-start=\"1398\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1417\" data-start=\"1400\"\u003ePhysical Form\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1469\" data-start=\"1418\"\u003eSolid \/ crystalline powder (white to off-white)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1503\" data-start=\"1470\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1483\" data-start=\"1470\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1482\" data-start=\"1472\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1503\" data-start=\"1483\"\u003e≥ 98 % (typical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1604\" data-start=\"1504\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1521\" data-start=\"1504\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1520\" data-start=\"1506\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1604\" data-start=\"1521\"\u003eHighly soluble in water; readily forms aqueous stock solutions (~100 mM common)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1709\" data-start=\"1605\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1630\" data-start=\"1605\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1629\" data-start=\"1607\"\u003eStorage \u0026amp; Handling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1709\" data-start=\"1630\"\u003eStore at room temperature, protected from moisture and light\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1714\" data-start=\"1711\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1752\" data-start=\"1716\"\u003eMechanism \u0026amp; Biological Effects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2445\" data-start=\"1754\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1963\" data-start=\"1754\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1963\" data-start=\"1756\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1801\" data-start=\"1756\"\u003eAnticonvulsant \/ Neuromodulatory Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"1804\" data-start=\"1801\"\u003eInhibits seizure activity by enhancing \u003cstrong data-end=\"1876\" data-start=\"1845\"\u003eGABAergic neurotransmission\u003c\/strong\u003e, reducing excitatory neuronal firing, and stabilizing voltage-gated sodium channels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2248\" data-start=\"1965\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2248\" data-start=\"1967\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2032\" data-start=\"1967\"\u003eHistone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibition \/ Epigenetic Regulation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2035\" data-start=\"2032\"\u003eActs as a \u003cstrong data-end=\"2080\" data-start=\"2047\"\u003ebroad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor\u003c\/strong\u003e, promoting histone acetylation, chromatin relaxation, and transcriptional activation — valuable in differentiation, neurodevelopment, and cancer epigenetics studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2445\" data-start=\"2250\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2445\" data-start=\"2252\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2286\" data-start=\"2252\"\u003eSecondary Pathways \u0026amp; Signaling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2289\" data-start=\"2286\"\u003eModulates intracellular signaling cascades such as ERK\/MAPK, Wnt\/β-catenin, and inositol metabolism, influencing cell proliferation and survival pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2450\" data-start=\"2447\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2489\" data-start=\"2452\"\u003eSuggested Research Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-end=\"2988\" data-start=\"2491\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2619\" data-start=\"2491\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2619\" data-start=\"2494\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2536\" data-start=\"2494\"\u003eNeuroscience \u0026amp; Neuroprotection Studies\u003c\/strong\u003e — Evaluate mechanisms of seizure suppression, neurotoxicity, or neuroprotection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2748\" data-start=\"2620\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2748\" data-start=\"2623\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2664\" data-start=\"2623\"\u003eEpigenetic \u0026amp; Gene Regulation Research\u003c\/strong\u003e — Examine chromatin remodeling, histone acetylation, and transcriptional changes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2858\" data-start=\"2749\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2858\" data-start=\"2752\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2796\" data-start=\"2752\"\u003eSignal Transduction \u0026amp; Pathway Modulation\u003c\/strong\u003e — Study HDAC inhibition effects on intracellular signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2988\" data-start=\"2859\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2988\" data-start=\"2862\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2894\" data-start=\"2862\"\u003eDisease Modeling \u0026amp; Screening\u003c\/strong\u003e — Use as a positive control or comparator in psychiatric, neurological, or oncology models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3007\" data-start=\"2990\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3005\" data-start=\"2990\"\u003eUsage Tips:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3238\" data-start=\"3008\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3082\" data-start=\"3008\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3082\" data-start=\"3010\"\u003ePrepare fresh aqueous stocks; adjust pH if necessary for cell culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3172\" data-start=\"3083\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3172\" data-start=\"3085\"\u003eEffective concentrations often range from 0.1 – 5 mM depending on model and duration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3238\" data-start=\"3173\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3238\" data-start=\"3175\"\u003eInclude sodium ion or vehicle controls for proper comparison.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3243\" data-start=\"3240\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3270\" data-start=\"3245\"\u003eSafety \u0026amp; Disclaimer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3508\" data-start=\"3272\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3335\" data-start=\"3272\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3335\" data-start=\"3274\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3333\" data-start=\"3274\"\u003eFor research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3421\" data-start=\"3336\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3421\" data-start=\"3338\"\u003eHandle using standard lab safety precautions (gloves, eye protection, fume hood).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3508\" data-start=\"3422\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3508\" data-start=\"3424\"\u003eDispose of unused material per institutional and local hazardous waste guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854638641209,"sku":"V-341-10","price":42.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854638673977,"sku":"V-341-25","price":63.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854638706745,"sku":"V-341-50","price":112.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/V-341_20structure_20-_20valproate_20sodium.png?v=1757445688"},{"product_id":"vancomycin-hydrochloride-ez-pak-for-100-mgml-solution","title":"Vancomycin Hydrochloride EZ Pak™ for 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"247\"\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vancomycin hydrochloride EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile vancomycin hydrochloride solution. The kit includes pre-weighed vancomycin hydrochloride powder, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high-quality GoldBio Vancomycin hydrochloride and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or any number of uses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 25 ml, 50 ml, and 100 ml require a vacuum manifold for easy vacuum filtering, while the 10 ml pack size comes with a syringe filter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"248\" data-end=\"810\"\u003eVancomycin Hydrochloride is a high-purity glycopeptide antibiotic derived from \u003cem data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"356\"\u003eStreptomyces orientalis\u003c\/em\u003e. In research settings, USP-grade vancomycin is widely used as a selective agent in microbiology, to study antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and in controlled culture systems (including plant or mammalian cell culture) to suppress Gram-positive bacterial contamination. GoldBio’s USP grade vancomycin offers reliable potency, compliance with pharmacopeial standards, and documentation (e.g. Certificate of Analysis).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"815\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"817\" data-end=\"852\"\u003eKey Specifications \u0026amp; Identity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"1596\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"888\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"888\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"865\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"888\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eValue \/ Description\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"1596\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"972\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"928\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eSynonyms \/ Alternate Names\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"972\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eVancomycin HCl; Vancomycin Hydrochloride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1037\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"986\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1037\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e1404-93-9 \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1099\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1052\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1099\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/14970\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e14970 \u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1194\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1120\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1194\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eC₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄ · HCl (salt form) \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1286\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1214\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1286\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e1,485.71 g\/mol (including HCl)\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1287\" data-end=\"1399\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1287\" data-end=\"1297\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003ePotency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1399\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u0026gt; 1,000 µg vancomycin equivalent per mg (on anhydrous basis) \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1471\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1413\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1471\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eSoluble in water\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1596\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1493\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eStorage \u0026amp; Handling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1596\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eStore desiccated at –20 °C, protected from moisture and light \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1601\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1646\"\u003eMode of Action \u0026amp; Biological Relevance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1648\" data-end=\"2392\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1648\" data-end=\"1932\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1650\" data-end=\"1932\"\u003eVancomycin is an antibiotic whose primary mode of action is \u003cstrong data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1757\"\u003einhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e. Specifically, it binds to the D-Ala–D-Ala terminal residues of peptidoglycan precursors, preventing polymerization and cross-linking. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1933\" data-end=\"2146\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"2146\"\u003eBecause it targets Gram-positive cell wall pathways, vancomycin is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. \u003cem data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2083\"\u003eStaphylococcus spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2104\"\u003eEnterococcus spp.\u003c\/em\u003e). \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2147\" data-end=\"2392\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2149\" data-end=\"2392\"\u003eIn research settings, it is often used at selective concentrations to suppress unwanted Gram-positive bacterial growth in mixed cultures or to apply selective pressure in antibiotic resistance studies. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2394\" data-end=\"2397\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2399\" data-end=\"2441\"\u003eSuggested Applications \u0026amp; Usage Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"3217\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"2649\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2649\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2489\"\u003eSelective media \/ contamination control\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"2489\" data-end=\"2492\"\u003eIncorporate vancomycin into culture media (bacterial, plant, mammalian) to suppress Gram-positive contaminants while allowing growth of desired organisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2651\" data-end=\"2835\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2835\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2703\"\u003eAntibiotic resistance \/ susceptibility assays\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"2703\" data-end=\"2706\"\u003eUse as a reference antibiotic in MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) testing, resistance screening, or mechanistic studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2837\" data-end=\"3025\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"3025\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2877\"\u003eCombination \/ synergy experiments\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"2880\"\u003eCombine with other antibiotics (e.g. β-lactams, aminoglycosides) to investigate synergistic or antagonistic interactions in bacterial systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3027\" data-end=\"3217\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3030\" data-end=\"3217\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3030\" data-end=\"3081\"\u003eModeling resistance evolution \/ genetic studies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"3081\" data-end=\"3084\"\u003eApply vancomycin stress in evolutionary experiments or to select for resistant mutants for downstream genomic\/phenotypic analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3236\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3234\"\u003eUsage Tips:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3383\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3239\" data-end=\"3383\"\u003eAlways validate effective concentration for your specific organism\/culture system; vancomycin’s effective range depends on strain sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3384\" data-end=\"3460\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3386\" data-end=\"3460\"\u003eSolubilize fresh stocks in sterile water; filter-sterilize if necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3461\" data-end=\"3541\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3463\" data-end=\"3541\"\u003eUse matched vehicle or salt controls to account for ionic \/ osmotic effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3542\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3544\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003eRefer to the Certificate of Analysis (COA) to confirm potency and lot-specific data before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3641\" data-end=\"3644\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3646\" data-end=\"3671\"\u003eSafety \u0026amp; Disclaimer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"4054\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3736\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3675\" data-end=\"3736\"\u003eFor research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3737\" data-end=\"3857\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"3857\"\u003eVancomycin can be hazardous; handle in compliance with institutional safety protocols (PPE, containment, fume hood).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3917\"\u003eAvoid inhalation, ingestion, or contact with skin\/eyes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"4054\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"4054\"\u003eDispose of waste and unused material in accordance with institutional and regulatory guidelines for antibiotics and chemical agents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"25 mL","offer_id":44854638772281,"sku":"V-200-EZ25","price":136.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854638805049,"sku":"V-200-EZ50","price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854638837817,"sku":"V-200-EZ100","price":332.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/V-200-EZ-2026.jpg?v=1771613436"},{"product_id":"vancomycin-hydrochloride-usp-grade","title":"Vancomycin Hydrochloride, USP Grade","description":"\u003cp\u003eVancomycin Hydrochloride is a high-purity glycopeptide antibiotic trusted by researchers for its precision and potency in studying Gram-positive bacterial inhibition. With ≥900 µg\/mg potency and USP-certified purity, this compound is ideal for applications including MIC profiling, resistance modeling in MRSA and VRE, nanoparticle-based delivery research, and biofilm penetration assays.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts compatibility with liposomal and silica-based nanocarriers enables controlled release and enhanced efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Researchers can rely on GoldBio’s USP-grade vancomycin for robust data, reproducibility, and superior performance across antimicrobial resistance and drug delivery studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Specifications \u0026amp; Identity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"1596\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"888\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"888\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"865\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"888\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eValue \/ Description\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"1596\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"972\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"928\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eSynonyms \/ Alternate Names\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"972\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eVancomycin HCl; Vancomycin Hydrochloride\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1037\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"986\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1037\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e1404-93-9 \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1099\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1052\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1099\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/14970\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e14970 \u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1194\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1120\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1194\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eC₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄ · HCl (salt form) \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1286\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1214\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1286\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e1,485.71 g\/mol (including HCl)\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1287\" data-end=\"1399\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1287\" data-end=\"1297\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003ePotency\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1399\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u0026gt; 1,000 µg vancomycin equivalent per mg (on anhydrous basis) \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1471\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1413\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1471\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eSoluble in water\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1596\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1493\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eStorage \u0026amp; Handling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1596\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eStore desiccated at –20 °C, protected from moisture and light \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1646\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1646\"\u003eMode of Action \u0026amp; Biological Relevance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1648\" data-end=\"2392\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1648\" data-end=\"1932\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1650\" data-end=\"1932\"\u003eVancomycin is an antibiotic whose primary mode of action is \u003cstrong data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1757\"\u003einhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis\u003c\/strong\u003e. Specifically, it binds to the D-Ala–D-Ala terminal residues of peptidoglycan precursors, preventing polymerization and cross-linking. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1933\" data-end=\"2146\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"2146\"\u003eBecause it targets Gram-positive cell wall pathways, vancomycin is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. \u003cem data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2083\"\u003eStaphylococcus spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2104\"\u003eEnterococcus spp.\u003c\/em\u003e). \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2147\" data-end=\"2392\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2149\" data-end=\"2392\"\u003eIn research settings, it is often used at selective concentrations to suppress unwanted Gram-positive bacterial growth in mixed cultures or to apply selective pressure in antibiotic resistance studies. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuggested Applications \u0026amp; Usage Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"3217\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"2649\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2649\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2489\"\u003eSelective media \/ contamination control\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"2489\" data-end=\"2492\"\u003eIncorporate vancomycin into culture media (bacterial, plant, mammalian) to suppress Gram-positive contaminants while allowing growth of desired organisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2651\" data-end=\"2835\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2835\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2703\"\u003eAntibiotic resistance \/ susceptibility assays\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"2703\" data-end=\"2706\"\u003eUse as a reference antibiotic in MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) testing, resistance screening, or mechanistic studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2837\" data-end=\"3025\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"3025\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2877\"\u003eCombination \/ synergy experiments\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"2880\"\u003eCombine with other antibiotics (e.g. β-lactams, aminoglycosides) to investigate synergistic or antagonistic interactions in bacterial systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3027\" data-end=\"3217\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3030\" data-end=\"3217\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3030\" data-end=\"3081\"\u003eModeling resistance evolution \/ genetic studies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"3081\" data-end=\"3084\"\u003eApply vancomycin stress in evolutionary experiments or to select for resistant mutants for downstream genomic\/phenotypic analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3236\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Research Applications:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Click each for more information)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibiotic Susceptibility Testing and MIC Profiling \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used as a gold-standard glycopeptide for determining MIC values in Gram-positive pathogens such as \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEnterococcus\u003c\/em\u003e spp.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vancomycin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by binding the D-Ala-D-Ala moiety, preventing bacterial cell wall crosslinking. MIC profiling determines the lowest concentration inhibiting visible growth.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Clinical microbiology research, MIC creep surveillance, and benchmarking resistance in MRSA and VRE strains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003evan Hal, S. J., Lodise, T. P., \u0026amp; Paterson, D. L. (2012). The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003eClinical Infectious Diseases\u003c\/em\u003e, 54(6), 755–771.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModeling Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Positive Pathogens \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used to induce, track, and characterize vancomycin resistance phenotypes such as VISA and VRE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Exposure of bacteria to vancomycin \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c\/em\u003e facilitates selection of strains with cell wall thickening, altered targets (D-Ala-D-Lac), or horizontal gene transfer mechanisms such as the \u003cem\u003evanA\u003c\/em\u003e operon.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Genetic and phenotypic resistance analysis, molecular pathway studies, and mechanism-of-action research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArthur, M., \u0026amp; Courvalin, P. (1993). Genetics and mechanisms of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. \u003cem\u003eAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy\u003c\/em\u003e, 37(8), 1563–1571.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNanoparticle and Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Improve vancomycin bioavailability, intracellular delivery, and pharmacokinetics using encapsulation in nanocarriers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vancomycin is encapsulated in liposomes, PLGA nanoparticles, or related delivery systems to improve tissue penetration and macrophage uptake.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: MRSA infection modeling, controlled-release testing, and delivery optimization in host–pathogen systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSande, L., et al. (2012). Liposomal encapsulation of vancomycin improves killing of methicillin-resistant \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e in a murine infection model. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy\u003c\/em\u003e, 67(9), 2191–2194.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBiofilm Penetration and Disruption Studies \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Evaluate vancomycin’s ability to inhibit and disrupt bacterial biofilms, especially when delivered via advanced materials.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles and similar carriers improve delivery of vancomycin to embedded bacterial cells within biofilms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: MRSA biofilm inhibition, implant surface coatings, and chronic infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMemar, M. Y., et al. (2023). Antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory effects of vancomycin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on methicillin-resistant \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eArchives of Microbiology\u003c\/em\u003e, 205(1), 109.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelective Media for Isolation of Gram-Negative Bacteria \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Suppress Gram-positive bacteria to enable isolation of Gram-negative strains in complex environmental or clinical samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vancomycin is incorporated into selective media to inhibit Gram-positive growth while allowing resistant Gram-negative organisms such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) to grow.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Environmental sampling, hospital-acquired infection surveillance, and food safety testing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNordmann, P., Poirel, L., \u0026amp; Dortet, L. (2012). Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. \u003cem\u003eEmerging Infectious Diseases\u003c\/em\u003e, 18(9), 1503–1507.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3236\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3236\"\u003eUsage Tips:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3383\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3239\" data-end=\"3383\"\u003eAlways validate effective concentration for your specific organism\/culture system; vancomycin’s effective range depends on strain sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3384\" data-end=\"3460\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3386\" data-end=\"3460\"\u003eSolubilize fresh stocks in sterile water; filter-sterilize if necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3461\" data-end=\"3541\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3463\" data-end=\"3541\"\u003eUse matched vehicle or salt controls to account for ionic \/ osmotic effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3542\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3544\" data-end=\"3639\"\u003eRefer to the Certificate of Analysis (COA) to confirm potency and lot-specific data before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3646\" data-end=\"3671\"\u003eSafety \u0026amp; Disclaimer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"4054\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3736\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3675\" data-end=\"3736\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3675\" data-end=\"3701\"\u003eFor research use only.\u003c\/strong\u003e Not for human or veterinary use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3737\" data-end=\"3857\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"3857\"\u003eVancomycin can be hazardous; handle in compliance with institutional safety protocols (PPE, containment, fume hood).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3917\"\u003eAvoid inhalation, ingestion, or contact with skin\/eyes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"4054\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"4054\"\u003eDispose of waste and unused material in accordance with institutional and regulatory guidelines for antibiotics and chemical agents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C. Soluble in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854638870585,"sku":"V-200-1","price":71.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854638903353,"sku":"V-200-5","price":161.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854638936121,"sku":"V-200-25","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/V-200.jpg?v=1757445690"},{"product_id":"validamycin-a","title":"Validamycin A","description":"\u003cp\u003eValidamycin is a fungicidal, aminoglycoside antibiotic known to inhibit trehalases in plants, insects, and fungi as well as enhance trehalose accumulation in transgenic plants. It is effective against \u003cem\u003ePellicularia sasakii\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eRhizoctonia solani\u003c\/em\u003e in plants, but only decreases their virulence instead of exhibiting a fungicidal effect. In addition, validamycin is used to control sheath-blight disease in rice and is most effective against soil-borne pathogens. It is used to study trehalase activity and the synthesis of trehalose.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eValidamycin A\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e35\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 497.49 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. Soluble in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=443629\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e443629\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854639001657,"sku":"V-170-1","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/1888.jpg?v=1757445689"},{"product_id":"valnemulin-hcl","title":"Valnemulin HCl","description":"\u003cp\u003eValnemulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic targeting Mycoplasma bacteria, especially those responsible for bovine respiratory infections. It is freely soluble in aqueous solution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValnemulin's mechanism of action involves its inhibition of protein synthesis in bacteria by binding the peptidyl transferase enzyme in the 50s ribosomal subunit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eValnemulin HCl \u003cbr\u003eValnemulin Hydrochloride\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e31\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e52\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eS ∙ HCl\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 601.28 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=46174118\"\u003e46174118\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854639132729,"sku":"V-150-500","price":155.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2477.jpg?v=1757445694"},{"product_id":"tylosin-tartrate","title":"Tylosin Tartrate","description":"\u003cp\u003eTylosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces fradiae\u003c\/em\u003e. It is a mixture of tylosin A, B, C, and D tartrates effective against gram-positive bacteria and \u003cem\u003eMycoplasma\u003c\/em\u003e species. It has been used to study protein synthesis, abscess prevention in cattle, and \u003cem\u003eMycoplasma\u003c\/em\u003e infections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMacrolide antibiotics are composed of a macrocyclic lactone ring attached to one or more deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by irreversibly binding the P site of the 50s ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation and translocation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTylosin Tartrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e46\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e77\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e17\u003c\/sub\u003e • C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 1066.19 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?sid=24900350\u0026amp;viewopt=PubChem\"\u003e24900350\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854641262649,"sku":"T-550-1","price":68.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854641295417,"sku":"T-550-5","price":209.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854641328185,"sku":"T-550-10","price":338.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2392.jpg?v=1757445729"},{"product_id":"trimethoprim","title":"Trimethoprim","description":"\u003cp\u003eTrimethoprim is a bactericidal antibiotic effective against bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and cystitis. It is commonly combined with sulfamethoxazole to combat \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrimethoprim functions as a prokaryotic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, preventing bacteria from taking up folic acid, which is required to synthesized the nucleotide thymine. Consequently, it is an inhibitor of DNA synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTrimethoprim\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e18\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 290.32 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8 °C.\u003cbr\u003eSoluble in chloroform.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=5578\"\u003e5578\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854642147385,"sku":"T-350-5","price":51.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854642180153,"sku":"T-350-25","price":133.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854642212921,"sku":"T-350-100","price":332.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-350.jpg?v=1757445745"},{"product_id":"tilmicosin","title":"Tilmicosin","description":"\u003cp\u003eTilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic structurally similar to tylosin. It targets gram-negative bacteria, especially those responsible for bovine respiratory infections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMacrolide antibiotics are composed of a macrocyclic lactone ring attached to one or more deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by irreversibly binding the P site of the 50s ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation and translocation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTilmicosin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e46\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e80\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 869.13 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=5282521\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e5282521\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":44854642245689,"sku":"T-330-100","price":106.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2385.jpg?v=1757445744"},{"product_id":"tobramycin-sulfate","title":"Tobramycin Sulfate","description":"\u003cp\u003eTobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces tenebrarius\u003c\/em\u003e targeting gram-negative bacteria. It is often used to combat \u003cem\u003ePseudomonas\u003c\/em\u003e species. It has been used to study cystic fibrosis and a variety of respiratory infections. Tobramycin sulfate is freely soluble in aqueous solution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTobramycin Sulfate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e18\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e37\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e • H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 565.59 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 4°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=54413\"\u003e54413\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854642278457,"sku":"T-341-1","price":122.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854642311225,"sku":"T-341-5","price":437.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854642343993,"sku":"T-341-10","price":731.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-341_20structure.png?v=1757445750"},{"product_id":"tiamulin-fumarate","title":"Tiamulin Fumarate","description":"\u003cp\u003eTiamulin fumarate is a pleuromutilin antibiotic targeting gram-positive bacteria and several \u003cem\u003eMycoplasma\u003c\/em\u003e species. It is soluble in aqueous solution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePleuromutilin antibiotics target the 50s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, by binding peptidyl transferase. This blocks formation of peptide bonds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTiamulin Fumarate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e32\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e51\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 609.81 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=6434500\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e6434500\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAir shipments may require special packaging and a small additional box charge.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854642376761,"sku":"T-320-500","price":112.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854642409529,"sku":"T-320-1","price":340.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2416.jpg?v=1757445751"},{"product_id":"thiostrepton","title":"Thiostrepton","description":"\u003cp\u003e Thiostrepton is a cyclic peptide antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces azureus\u003c\/em\u003e.  It targets a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, especially those causing skin infections.  It has been used as a marker for selection of recombinant \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces\u003c\/em\u003e cultures.  Additionally, thiostrepton has been shown to inhibit \u003cem\u003eFOXM1\u003c\/em\u003e, a gene commonly overexpressed in cancer cell lines, thus inhibiting cancer cell growth. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Thiostrepton functions by binding elongation factor G (EF-G) and interfering with  ribosomal GTPase activity, ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Thiostrepton \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: C\u003csub\u003e72\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e85\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e19\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e18\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 1,664.89 g\/mol \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store at -20°C.\u003cbr\u003e This product is soluble in acetic acid, chloroform, DMF, and DMSO. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=16129666\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"”_blank”\"\u003e16129666\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854642442297,"sku":"T-300-1","price":115.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854642475065,"sku":"T-300-5","price":427.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-300.jpg?v=1757445751"},{"product_id":"thiamphenicol","title":"Thiamphenicol","description":"\u003cp\u003eThiamphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from chloramphenicol. It is effective against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and commonly used in researching protein synthesis and to select for chloramphenicol-resistant transformed cells or the bacterial \u003cem\u003eCAT\u003c\/em\u003e gene. It can be used against uncomplicated gonorrhea infections and chancroid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThiamphenicol functions by binding the 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibiting synthesis of proteins by blocking aminoacyl-tRNA from attaching to the A site. It works by the same mechanism as chloramphenicol, but is about three times as potent.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThiamphenicol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 356.22 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 4°C.\u003cbr\u003eThis product is light sensitive, and is soluble in acetonitrile, alcohol, dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=27200\"\u003e27200\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854642802745,"sku":"T-270-5","price":186.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2382.jpg?v=1757445757"},{"product_id":"thiolutin","title":"Thiolutin","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"484\"\u003eThiolutin is used to inhibit RNA synthesis in bacteria and fungi and to study transcriptional regulation, redox biology, and stress response pathways. It is frequently applied in cell-based experiments to rapidly suppress RNA production and assess changes in gene expression over defined time intervals. Thiolutin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic originally isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces \u003c\/em\u003especies and is known for its metal-binding and redox-active properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"901\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"500\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thiolutin interferes with RNA polymerase activity, leading to inhibition of RNA synthesis. Its activity has been associated with redox-dependent interactions and metal chelation, which can influence transcriptional machinery and other cellular processes. Through this disruption of transcription, thiolutin enables controlled examination of RNA-dependent pathways and downstream regulatory responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"901\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"903\" data-end=\"934\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"903\" data-end=\"934\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"1517\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"1043\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1043\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"969\"\u003eTranscriptional Inhibition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Suppresses RNA synthesis, supporting studies of gene expression dynamics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1153\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1153\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1073\"\u003eRedox-Active Compound:\u003c\/strong\u003e Exhibits redox-dependent behavior that can influence cellular stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1277\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1277\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1188\"\u003eMetal Chelation Properties:\u003c\/strong\u003e Capable of interacting with metal ions, which may contribute to its biological activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1279\" data-end=\"1388\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1388\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1311\"\u003eBroad Biological Activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Active in both bacterial and fungal systems, expanding experimental utility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1517\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1517\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1438\"\u003eTool for Temporal Gene Expression Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enables short-term inhibition of transcription to examine regulatory cascades.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1558\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1558\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"2044\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1674\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1674\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1591\"\u003eGene Expression Analysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to halt transcription prior to RNA extraction for stability or decay studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1794\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1794\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1717\"\u003eTranscriptional Stress Experiments:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied to evaluate cellular responses to acute inhibition of RNA synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1937\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1937\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1849\"\u003eFungal and Bacterial Growth Inhibition Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Incorporated into culture systems to assess susceptibility and transcriptional control.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"2044\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"2044\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"1974\"\u003eRedox Biology Investigations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Utilized in experiments exploring redox-sensitive signaling pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2046\" data-end=\"2064\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2046\" data-end=\"2064\"\u003ePractical Tips\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2066\" data-end=\"2576\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2066\" data-end=\"2234\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2068\" data-end=\"2234\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2068\" data-end=\"2104\"\u003eMetal Interaction Consideration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Because thiolutin can chelate metal ions, media composition and metal supplementation may influence activity and reproducibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2236\" data-end=\"2407\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2238\" data-end=\"2407\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2238\" data-end=\"2279\"\u003eRapid Onset of Transcriptional Block:\u003c\/strong\u003e RNA synthesis inhibition can occur quickly after exposure. Time course design should account for rapid transcriptional changes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2576\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2576\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2433\"\u003eRedox Sensitivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Experimental outcomes may vary under strongly oxidizing or reducing conditions. Maintain consistent redox environments when comparing results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2576\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/strong\u003e: Upon receipt, store this product at -20°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":44854642966585,"sku":"T-235-2","price":328.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 mg","offer_id":44854642999353,"sku":"T-235-5","price":564.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":44854643032121,"sku":"T-235-10","price":871.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mg","offer_id":44854643064889,"sku":"T-235-25","price":1700.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"teicoplanin","title":"Teicoplanin","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGoldBio Teicoplanin is for research use only! \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eTeicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eActinoplanes teichomyceticus\u003c\/em\u003e. It is a mixture of several teicoplanins. Teicoplanin is effective against gram-positive bacteria resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. It has been effective against methicillin-resistant \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEnterococcus faecalis\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTeicoplanin works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis and polymerization in two ways. One mechanism inhibits N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) from coming together to form the peptidoglycan backbone. Another mechanism prevents cross-linking between amino acid residues in the peptidoglycan chain, similarly to the mechanism of \u003ca href=\"\/products\/vancomycin-hydrochloride-usp-grade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003evancomycin\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAntibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTeicoplanin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e88\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e97\u003c\/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e33\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 1,879.66 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 4°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=16131923\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e16131923\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":44854643195961,"sku":"T-230-100","price":107.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854643228729,"sku":"T-230-1","price":587.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2475.jpg?v=1757445765"},{"product_id":"tazobactam-sodium","title":"Tazobactam Sodium","description":"\u003cp\u003e Tazobactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor derived from penicillin.  It is used along with β-lactam antibiotics, to prevent their degradation by β-lactamase enzymes.  Tazobactam is often used with piperacillin to increase its potency.  Additionally, tazobactam is used in studies regarding β-lactamase and penicillinase inhibition. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Tazobactam Sodium Salt \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: C\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eNaO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eS \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 322.27 g\/mol \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store at 4°C. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=23663400\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"”_blank”\"\u003e23663400\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":44854643327033,"sku":"T-201-100","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854643359801,"sku":"T-201-500","price":444.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2380.jpg?v=1757445769"},{"product_id":"tazobactam","title":"Tazobactam","description":"\u003cp\u003e Tazobactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor useful in combination with  β-lactam antibiotics to increase their potency.  It irreversibly inactivates  β-lactamase enzymes, preventing them from degrading  β-lactam antibiotics.  Tazobactam has been used in combination with piperacillin and a variety of other antibiotics.  Tazobactam is less soluble in aqueous solution than tazobactam sodium. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Tazobactam \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: C\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eS \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 300.29 g\/mol \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store at 4°C. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=123630\" target=\"”_blank”\"\u003e123630\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854643425337,"sku":"T-200-1","price":96.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854643458105,"sku":"T-200-5","price":409.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-200.jpg?v=1757445771"},{"product_id":"timentin-ticarcillin-clavulanate-100-mgml-solution","title":"Timentin™ Ticarcillin\/Clavulanate (15\/1) 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003cp\u003e Timentin™ is a 15:1 mixture of ticarcillin and clavulanate. Ticarcillin is a penicillin ß-lactam antibiotic, which is susceptible to ß-lactamase degradation. When combined with clavulanate, a ß-lactamase inhibitor, its efficacy is greatly increased. Timentin™ exhibits high activity against gram-negative bacteria and resistant \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e species. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Penicillins are a type of β-lactam antibiotic consisting of a four-membered β-lactam ring bound to a five-membered thiazolidine ring. This two-ring system causes distortion of the β-lactam amide bond, resulting in decreased resonance stabilization and increased reactivity. β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. Consequently, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and cytolysis occurs. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e TESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Ticarcillin Disodium\/Potassium Clavulanate in H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003cbr\u003e(100 mg\/mL Premade Solution, 0.2 µm Sterile Filtered)\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e USP GRADE \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: C\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eNa\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e \/ C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003eKNO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 665.64 g\/mol (combined) \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store at -20°C. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID (Ticarcillin): \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=470375\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e470375\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e PubChem Chemical ID (Clavulanate): \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=23665591\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e23665591\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mL","offer_id":44854644768825,"sku":"T-104-SL10","price":84.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854644801593,"sku":"T-104-SL50","price":164.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854644834361,"sku":"T-104-SL100","price":221.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-104_c12752bc-cfdf-43e3-9ce3-13452cdc5bf5.jpg?v=1757445793"},{"product_id":"timentin-ticarcillin-clavulanate-ez-pak-for-100-mgml-solution","title":"Timentin™ Ticarcillin\/Clavulanate (15\/1)EZ Pak™ for 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eThe Timentin™ EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a standardized amount of sterile Timentin™ solution. There is no need for manual weighing or calculations. Simply add the stated amount of deionized H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e The kit includes pre weighed Timentin™ powder, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the filtered solution, allowing you to quickly prepare a sterile, accurately concentrated antibiotic solution with minimal handling.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eThe EZ Pak™ format ensures consistent 100 mg\/mL stock preparation, reduced variability, and built-in sterility, which is ideal for plant transformation labs, shared facilities, and applications requiring reliable post-transformation bacterial suppression.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eThe 50 ml and 100 ml packs include a vacuum manifold for easy vacuum filtering while 10 ml pack size comes with syringe filter.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eTimentin® combines the extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic ticarcillin with clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor. This combination enhances antibacterial activity by preventing enzymatic degradation of ticarcillin. In research settings, Timentin® is widely used in plant molecular biology to eliminate \u003ci\u003eAgrobacterium tumefaciens\u003c\/i\u003e following transformation while minimizing damage to plant tissues. It is often preferred over single-agent β-lactams because of its improved stability and effectiveness against β-lactamase-producing strains.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Weighed Dual-Antibiotic Format \u003c\/b\u003e– Eliminates complex weighing of two components.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuick Sterile Preparation \u003c\/b\u003e– Add sterile water, filter, and the stock is ready.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eConsistent 100 mg\/mL Stock – \u003c\/b\u003eImproves reproducibility across experiments\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKit components\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-weighed hygromycin powder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSterile filter\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\" style=\"margin-top: 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;\"\u003eSyringe filter (10 mL pack size)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eVacuum filter (25 mL, 50 mL, and 100 mL pack sizes; requires vacuum manifold)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSterile container\u003c\/b\u003e for the filtered antibiotic solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ePreparation of sterile ticarcillin\/clavulanate stock solutions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eElimination of \u003ci\u003eAgrobacterium tumefaciens\u003c\/i\u003e following plant transformation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ePost-co-cultivation cleanup in plant genetic engineering.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eSuppression of β-lactamase-producing bacteria in research settings.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ePlant tissue culture applications requiring reliable bacterial removal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to Prepare a Sterile Antibiotic Solution Using an EZ Pak™\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NNeBa52uEwk?si=HdYXVuz5aPeU21rm\" title=\"YouTube video player\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mL","offer_id":44854644867129,"sku":"T-104-EZ10","price":84.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854644899897,"sku":"T-104-EZ50","price":164.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854644932665,"sku":"T-104-EZ100","price":221.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-104-EZ-2026.jpg?v=1771613439"},{"product_id":"tetracycline-hydrochloride","title":"Tetracycline Hydrochloride","description":"\u003cp\u003eTetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It also displays toxicity against certain eukaryotic cells. Tetracycline is used in multidrug resistance studies and in cell culture applications as a selective agent. Additionally, it promotes expression of the P450 proteins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTetracyclines are antibiotics made up of a four-ring system. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, preventing the aminoacyl-tRNA from attaching to the A site. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited. Resistance to tetracycline arises from loss of cell wall permeability and the \u003cem\u003etetR\u003c\/em\u003e gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eTetracycline Hydrochloride\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C \u003csub\u003e22\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003eHCl\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 480.9 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C, and protect from light. Soluble in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=5359252\"\u003e5359252\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854644965433,"sku":"T-101-25","price":42.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854644998201,"sku":"T-101-100","price":94.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-101.jpg?v=1757445798"},{"product_id":"timentin-ticarcillin-clavulanate","title":"Timentin™ Ticarcillin\/Clavulanate (15\/1)","description":"\u003cp\u003eTimentin™ (ticarcillin and clavulanate 15:1) is GoldBio’s reliable choice for plant genetic transformation. It supports post-co-cultivation suppression of \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium, \u003c\/em\u003eso regenerating tissues recover cleanly across diverse species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn tomato systems, Timentin promotes callus induction and shoot regeneration compared with alternatives such as cefotaxime. In woody perennials like citrus, it is valued for low phytotoxicity that preserves morphogenesis. Researchers also use Timentin in seedling and root culture after infection to prevent bacterial regrowth, and in protoplast workflows where appropriate concentrations maintain sterility without compromising regeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGoldBio provides a water-soluble powder with clear documentation and consistent performance. Streamline plant transformation pipelines, reduce troubleshooting due to bacterial carryover, and improve reproducibility from co-cultivation through regeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Research Applications:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Click each for more information)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-Cocultivation Suppression of \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e in Plant Transformation \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Eliminate residual \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium tumefaciens\u003c\/em\u003e after gene delivery while maintaining plant tissue viability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ticarcillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, while clavulanate inactivates β-lactamases, ensuring effective clearance even from resistant \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e strains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Recovery media following cocultivation across diverse plant species to prevent bacterial overgrowth while transformed tissues regenerate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCheng, Z.-M., Schnurr, J. A., \u0026amp; Kapaun, J. A. (1998). Timentin as an alternative antibiotic for suppression of \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium tumefaciens\u003c\/em\u003e in genetic transformation. \u003cem\u003ePlant Cell Reports\u003c\/em\u003e, 17(8), 646–649.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTomato Transformation with Enhanced Regeneration and Low Phytotoxicity \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Improve transformation efficiency and shoot regeneration while controlling \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e in tomato tissue culture.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 150–300 mg\/L, Timentin clears \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e while supporting callus induction and organogenesis, outperforming certain other β-lactams such as cefotaxime in some cultivars.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003cem\u003eLycopersicon esculentum\u003c\/em\u003e transformation protocols, often leading to increased regeneration rates and transformation frequencies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLing, H.-Q., Kriseleit, D., \u0026amp; Ganal, M. W. (1998). Effect of ticarcillin\/potassium clavulanate on callus growth and shoot regeneration in \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e-mediated transformation of tomato (\u003cem\u003eLycopersicon esculentum\u003c\/em\u003e Mill.). \u003cem\u003ePlant Cell Reports\u003c\/em\u003e, 17(10), 843–847.\u003cbr\u003eCosta, M. G. C., Nogueira, F. T. S., Figueira, M. L., Otoni, W. C., Brommonschenkel, S. H., \u0026amp; Cecon, P. R. (2000). Influence of the antibiotic Timentin on plant regeneration of tomato (\u003cem\u003eLycopersicon esculentum\u003c\/em\u003e Mill.) cultivars. \u003cem\u003ePlant Cell Reports\u003c\/em\u003e, 19(4), 327–332.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow-Toxicity Alternative to Cefotaxime or Carbenicillin in Woody Perennial Transformations \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Suppress \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e in woody plant transformations without impairing morphogenesis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: The ticarcillin–clavulanate combination targets bacterial cell wall synthesis and neutralizes β-lactamases, controlling \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e while preserving regeneration capacity in woody tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Citrus and other woody perennial systems where standard β-lactams can be phytotoxic.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eda Silva Mendes, A. F., Cidade, L. C., de Oliveira, M. L. P., Otoni, W. C., Soares-Filho, W. dos S., \u0026amp; Costa, M. G. C. (2009). Evaluation of novel beta-lactam antibiotics in comparison to cefotaxime on plant regeneration of \u003cem\u003eCitrus sinensis\u003c\/em\u003e L. Osb. \u003cem\u003ePlant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture\u003c\/em\u003e, 97(3), 331–336.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse in Seedling and Root Culture Systems Post-\u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e Infection \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Prevent \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e regrowth during early plant development stages after transformation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Timentin provides sustained antibacterial protection in germination and rooting media without significantly affecting plantlet establishment or root development.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis thaliana\u003c\/em\u003e transformation workflows, including germinating seeds on ~100 mg\/L Timentin to suppress \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e trapped under seed coats, and maintaining infected roots or seedlings on Timentin-containing media during growth.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGelvin, S. B. (2006). \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e transformation of \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis thaliana\u003c\/em\u003e roots: A quantitative assay. In K. Wang (Ed.), \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium Protocols\u003c\/em\u003e (Vol. 343, pp. 105–114). Humana Press.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatibility with Protoplast Isolation and Culture \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c\/strong\u003e: Control bacterial contamination in protoplast systems without impairing wall regeneration or cell division.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e: Timentin maintains sterility at 100–500 mg\/L, a range reported as non-toxic to protoplasts under standard culture conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e: Tissue culture and genetic manipulation workflows involving protoplasts, where contamination control must not compromise cell viability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrzebelus, E., \u0026amp; Skop, Ł. (2014). Effect of β-lactam antibiotics on plant regeneration in carrot protoplast cultures. \u003cem\u003eIn Vitro Cellular \u0026amp; Developmental Biology – Plant\u003c\/em\u003e, 50(5), 568–575.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBenefits:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCleaner recoveries after co cultivation: reliably clears \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium \u003c\/em\u003ewhile transformed tissues regenerate, improving success rates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow phytotoxicity vs. common alternatives: better shoot regeneration in tomato and woody perennials (e.g., cefotaxime\/carbenicillin)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeedling\/root culture compatibility: supports post infection germination\/rooting routines without stunting.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtoplast safe windows: contamination control without compromising regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C. Soluble in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePubChem Chemical ID\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID (Ticarcillin): \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=470375\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e470375\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePubChem Chemical ID (Clavulanate): \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=23665591\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e23665591\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"2 g","offer_id":44854645030969,"sku":"T-104-2","price":51.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854645063737,"sku":"T-104-10","price":166.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854645096505,"sku":"T-104-25","price":257.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854645129273,"sku":"T-104-100","price":662.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854645162041,"sku":"T-104-250","price":1346.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":44854645194809,"sku":"T-104-500","price":2338.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/T-104.jpg?v=1757445803"},{"product_id":"sulfamonomethoxine","title":"Sulfamonomethoxine","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfamonomethoxine is a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic. It is used in blood kinetic studies as well as to study the formation of capsules in \u003cem\u003eBordetella bronchiseptica\u003c\/em\u003e. Sulfamonomethoxine is used to combat hyperpyrexia of unknown etiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSulfonamide antibiotics are derived from a chemical called sulfanilamide. They function through inhibiting the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroate, an essential step in the synthesis of folic acid. By preventing the production of folate in bacteria, the sulfonamide antibiotics ultimately suppress bacterial DNA replication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSulfamonomethoxine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 280.30 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=5332\"\u003e5332\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":44854647357497,"sku":"S-630-250","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854647390265,"sku":"S-630-1","price":403.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2379.jpg?v=1757445831"},{"product_id":"sulfamethazine","title":"Sulfamethazine","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfamethazine is broad-spectrum sulfonamide antibiotic targeting bacteria causing bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is used in disposition and depletion studies of kinetics and to develop procedures used for quantification. Sulfamethazine is also an inducer of CYP3A4.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSulfonamide antibiotics are derived from a chemical called sulfanilamide. They function through inhibiting the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroate, an essential step in the synthesis of folic acid. By preventing the production of folate in bacteria, the sulfonamide antibiotics ultimately suppress bacterial DNA replication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSulfamethazine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 278.33 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8°C. \u003cbr\u003eThis product is light sensitive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=5327\"\u003e5327\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854647554105,"sku":"S-610-100","price":76.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2377.jpg?v=1757445834"},{"product_id":"sulfamerazine-sodium","title":"Sulfamerazine sodium","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfamerazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic useful against a wide variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.It is involved in the characterization of chitosan membranes used for transporting drugs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSulfonamide antibiotics are derived from a chemical called sulfanilamide. They function through inhibiting the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroate, an essential step in the synthesis of folic acid. By preventing the production of folate in bacteria, the sulfonamide antibiotics ultimately suppress bacterial DNA replication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSulfamerazine Sodium\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSNa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 286.29 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 4°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=15899899\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e15899899\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854647619641,"sku":"S-600-250","price":105.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"sulfadoxine-sulphadoxine","title":"Sulfadoxine (Sulphadoxine)","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfadoxine is a broad-spectrum sulfonamide antibiotic effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is commonly used against malaria, especially \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c\/em\u003e malaria with chloroquine resistance. It has been used to study \u003cem\u003eToxoplasma gondii\u003c\/em\u003e infections and to prevent infections in post-surgical animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSulfonamide antibiotics are derived from a chemical called sulfanilamide. They function through inhibiting the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroate, an essential step in the synthesis of folic acid. By preventing the production of folate in bacteria, the sulfonamide antibiotics ultimately suppress bacterial DNA replication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSulfadoxine \u003cbr\u003eSulphadoxine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 310.33 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at -20°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=17134\"\u003e17134\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854647652409,"sku":"S-550-10","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854647685177,"sku":"S-550-25","price":193.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2375.jpg?v=1757445839"},{"product_id":"sulbactam-sodium","title":"Sulbactam Sodium","description":"\u003cp\u003e Sulbactam is a  β-lactamase inhibitor useful in combination with  β-lactam antibiotics to increase their potency.  It irreversibly inactivates  β-lactamase enzymes, preventing them from degrading  β-lactam antibiotics.  Sulbactam has been used in combination with ampicillin and cefoperazone to inhibit  β-lactamase enzymes during \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e-mediated plant genetic modifications.  It may also be used in cell signaling studies.  Sulbactam sodium is freely soluble in aqueous solution. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Sulbactam Sodium \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eNNaO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eS \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 255.22 g\/mol \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store desiccated at 2-8°C. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=23663973\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"”_blank”\"\u003e23663973\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":44854647717945,"sku":"S-501-10","price":77.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854647750713,"sku":"S-501-500","price":144.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2473.jpg?v=1757445840"},{"product_id":"sulbactam","title":"Sulbactam","description":"\u003cp\u003e Sulbactam is a  β-lactamase inhibitor useful in combination with  β-lactam antibiotics to increase their potency.  It irreversibly inactivates  β-lactamase enzymes, preventing them from degrading  β-lactam antibiotics.  Sulbactam has been used in combination with ampicillin and cefoperazone to inhibit  β-lactamase enzymes during \u003cem\u003eAgrobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e-mediated plant genetic modifications.  It may also be used in cell signaling studies. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Sulbactam \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eS \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 233.24 g\/mol \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store desiccated at 2-8°C. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=130313\" target=\"”_blank”\"\u003e130313\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":44854647783481,"sku":"S-500-10","price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mg","offer_id":44854647816249,"sku":"S-500-50","price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2374.jpg?v=1757445840"},{"product_id":"spiramycin","title":"Spiramycin","description":"\u003cp\u003eSpiramycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as some \u003cem\u003eToxoplasma\u003c\/em\u003e parasites. Spiramycin is a mixture of spiramycin I, II, and III and has been used to study sepsis in mice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMacrolide antibiotics are composed of a macrocyclic lactone ring attached to one or more deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by irreversibly binding the P site of the 50s ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation and translocation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpiramycin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e43\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e74\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 843.05 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=71312335\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e71312335\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854647947321,"sku":"S-470-1","price":95.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854647980089,"sku":"S-470-5","price":323.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2373.jpg?v=1757445845"},{"product_id":"sparfloxacin","title":"Sparfloxacin","description":"\u003cp\u003eSparfloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as \u003cem\u003eMycoplasma\u003c\/em\u003e species. It is especially effective against bacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia. Sparfloxacin also displays photosensitizing effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluoroquinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis. These antibiotics prevent unwinding of double-stranded DNA by binding DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase. By preventing the formation of single-stranded DNA, fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial replication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSparfloxacin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e19\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c\/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 392.40 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=60464\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e60464\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854648012857,"sku":"S-460-10","price":163.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2372.jpg?v=1757445846"},{"product_id":"sulfasalazine","title":"Sulfasalazine","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"537\"\u003eSulfasalazine is used to investigate bacterial folate metabolism and azo bond reduction, and to explore sulfonamide resistance and metabolic inhibition in microbial systems. It can be incorporated into culture conditions to evaluate susceptibility patterns or to study enzymatic cleavage of azo-linked compounds by bacterial reductases. Sulfasalazine is a conjugate molecule composed of sulfapyridine linked to 5-aminosalicylic acid through an azo bond, and it functions in part through its sulfonamide moiety.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"1028\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"553\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e The sulfapyridine portion of sulfasalazine acts as a structural analog of para-aminobenzoic acid and inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis in susceptible bacteria. In addition, certain bacteria possess azoreductase enzymes capable of cleaving the azo bond, generating distinct metabolites. These properties make sulfasalazine useful for studying both sulfonamide-mediated metabolic inhibition and microbial azo reduction pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"1028\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1061\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1061\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1777\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1194\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1194\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1105\"\u003eSulfonamide-Based Enzyme Inhibition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Interferes with dihydropteroate synthase activity, impacting bacterial folate synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1196\" data-end=\"1339\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1339\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1223\"\u003eAzo-Linked Structure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains an azo bond that can be enzymatically reduced by certain bacterial species, supporting metabolism studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1490\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1490\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1408\"\u003eMetabolic Target Distinct from Cell Wall or Ribosomal Agents:\u003c\/strong\u003e Provides a pathway-focused mechanism separate from beta lactams or tetracyclines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1492\" data-end=\"1636\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1636\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1552\"\u003eApplicable to Gram-positive and Gram-negative Systems:\u003c\/strong\u003e Activity and metabolic processing can be evaluated across diverse bacterial groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1777\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1640\" data-end=\"1777\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1640\" data-end=\"1680\"\u003eTool for Resistance Gene Evaluation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports investigation of sulfonamide resistance determinants and related metabolic adaptations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1818\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1818\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"2521\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1955\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1822\" data-end=\"1955\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1822\" data-end=\"1849\"\u003eFolate Pathway Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to examine inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase and downstream effects on nucleotide biosynthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1957\" data-end=\"2109\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1959\" data-end=\"2109\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1959\" data-end=\"1992\"\u003eAzoreductase Activity Assays:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied in studies evaluating bacterial reduction of azo bonds and metabolic transformation of conjugated compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2235\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2235\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2150\"\u003eComparative Sulfonamide Analysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enables comparison between simple sulfonamides and structurally complex derivatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2237\" data-end=\"2378\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2378\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2277\"\u003eMetabolic Interaction Experiments:\u003c\/strong\u003e Utilized to explore how nutrient composition influences susceptibility to folate pathway inhibitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2521\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2521\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2407\"\u003eResistance Profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Incorporated into assays assessing the impact of sul genes or other resistance determinants on growth inhibition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2521\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/strong\u003e: Upon receipt, store this product at 4°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854648045625,"sku":"S-360-100","price":216.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854648078393,"sku":"S-360-250","price":431.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":44854648111161,"sku":"S-360-500","price":646.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 kg","offer_id":44854648143929,"sku":"S-360-1","price":1077.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"sisomicin-sulfate","title":"Sisomicin Sulfate","description":"\u003cp\u003eSisomicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eMicromonospora inyoensis\u003c\/em\u003e. It is related to gentamicin and targets gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria such as \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella\u003c\/em\u003e species, \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eP. aeruginosa\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEnterobacter\u003c\/em\u003e species, and \u003cem\u003eProteus\u003c\/em\u003e species. It has been used in disk and tube dilution sensitivity assays.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSisomicin Sulfate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: 2 C\u003csub\u003e19\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e37\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e ∙ 5 H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 692.72 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 4°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem CID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=20055515\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e20055515\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854648176697,"sku":"S-350-500","price":157.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854648209465,"sku":"S-350-1","price":273.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2371.jpg?v=1757445847"},{"product_id":"succinylsulfathiazole","title":"Succinylsulfathiazole","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"667\" data-start=\"212\"\u003eSuccinylsulfathiazole (sometimes spelled \u003cem data-end=\"277\" data-start=\"253\"\u003esuccinylsulphathiazole\u003c\/em\u003e or \u003cem data-end=\"301\" data-start=\"281\"\u003esulfasuccithiazole\u003c\/em\u003e) is a sulfonamide antibiotic designed as a \u003cstrong data-end=\"369\" data-start=\"345\"\u003eslow-release prodrug\u003c\/strong\u003e that primarily acts within the gastrointestinal tract. Upon hydrolysis, it releases active sulfathiazole locally, making it useful in studies of intestinal microbiota, antibiotic resistance in gut flora, and folate synthesis inhibition in bacterial systems. \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"842\" data-start=\"669\"\u003eAs a reagent for research use, GoldBio’s succinylsulfathiazole offers consistent purity and characterization, suitable for microbiology, pharmacology, and metabolic studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"847\" data-start=\"844\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"884\" data-start=\"849\"\u003eKey Specifications \u0026amp; Identity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"1758\" data-start=\"886\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"920\" data-start=\"886\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"920\" data-start=\"886\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"897\" data-start=\"886\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"920\" data-start=\"897\"\u003eValue \/ Description\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"1758\" data-start=\"931\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1117\" data-start=\"931\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"960\" data-start=\"931\"\u003eSynonyms \/ Alternate Names\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"1117\" data-start=\"960\"\u003eSuccinylsulphathiazole; Sulfasuccithiazole; 4-oxo-4-({4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl}amino)butanoic acid \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1181\" data-start=\"1118\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1131\" data-start=\"1118\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"1181\" data-start=\"1131\"\u003e116-43-8 \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1242\" data-start=\"1182\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1196\" data-start=\"1182\"\u003ePubChem CID\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"1242\" data-start=\"1196\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/5315\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e5315\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1317\" data-start=\"1243\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1263\" data-start=\"1243\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"1317\" data-start=\"1263\"\u003eC₁₃H₁₃N₃O₅S₂ \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1391\" data-start=\"1318\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1337\" data-start=\"1318\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"1391\" data-start=\"1337\"\u003e355.39 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1491\" data-start=\"1392\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1412\" data-start=\"1392\"\u003eAppearance \/ Form\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"1491\" data-start=\"1412\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eWhite to off-white crystalline powder\u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1640\" data-start=\"1492\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1505\" data-start=\"1492\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-end=\"1640\" data-start=\"1505\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eVery slightly soluble in water; more soluble in alkaline solutions or with heating\/sonication\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1758\" data-start=\"1641\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"1662\" data-start=\"1641\"\u003eStorage \/ Handling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"lg\" data-end=\"1758\" data-start=\"1662\"\u003eStore sealed, at room temperature in a dry environment \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" alt=\"https:\/\/goldbio.com\/product\/14599\/succinylsulfathiazole?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/goldbio.com\/product\/14599\/succinylsulfathiazole?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"1763\" data-start=\"1760\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1813\" data-start=\"1765\"\u003eMechanism of Action \u0026amp; Biological Relevance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2480\" data-start=\"1815\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2044\" data-start=\"1815\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2044\" data-start=\"1817\"\u003eSuccinylsulfathiazole acts as a\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprodrug: in the GI tract, it undergoes hydrolysis (mainly by bacterial or enzyme action) to yield \u003cem data-end=\"1966\" data-start=\"1951\"\u003esulfathiazole\u003c\/em\u003e, which exerts antibacterial activity. \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2246\" data-start=\"2045\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2246\" data-start=\"2047\"\u003eThe active sulfathiazole then functions as a folate synthesis inhibitor, targeting bacterial enzymes and impairing DNA synthesis in susceptible microbes. \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2480\" data-start=\"2247\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2480\" data-start=\"2249\"\u003eBecause much of the compound remains in the intestine (≈95 % with slow absorption), it is especially useful for localized antimicrobial action in the gut with minimal systemic exposure. \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"2485\" data-start=\"2482\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2538\" data-start=\"2487\"\u003eSuggested Research Applications \u0026amp; Usage Notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-end=\"3362\" data-start=\"2540\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2766\" data-start=\"2540\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2766\" data-start=\"2543\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2595\" data-start=\"2543\"\u003eGastrointestinal microbiome \/ antibiotic studies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2598\" data-start=\"2595\"\u003eUse succinylsulfathiazole to selectively suppress or perturb intestinal bacterial populations in animal or in vitro gut models, while minimizing systemic absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2972\" data-start=\"2768\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2972\" data-start=\"2771\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2815\" data-start=\"2771\"\u003eFolate metabolism \/ nutritional modeling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"2818\" data-start=\"2815\"\u003eAs an inhibitor of folate synthesis, it may be used in bacterial or microbial culture systems to induce folate deficiency or probe metabolic responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3161\" data-start=\"2974\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3161\" data-start=\"2977\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3009\" data-start=\"2977\"\u003eAntibiotic resistance assays\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"3012\" data-start=\"3009\"\u003eEmploy as a reference sulfonamide to test resistance mechanisms (e.g. \u003cem data-end=\"3090\" data-start=\"3085\"\u003esul\u003c\/em\u003e genes, DHFR variants) or synergy\/antagonism with other antimicrobials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3362\" data-start=\"3163\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3362\" data-start=\"3166\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3206\" data-start=\"3166\"\u003eProdrug \/ controlled release studies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-end=\"3209\" data-start=\"3206\"\u003eBecause of its slow hydrolysis and local activation, succinylsulfathiazole can be a model for prodrug design in which localized activation is desired.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3379\" data-start=\"3364\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3379\" data-start=\"3364\"\u003eUsage Tips:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3988\" data-start=\"3381\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3591\" data-start=\"3381\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3591\" data-start=\"3383\"\u003eGiven its low aqueous solubility, consider preparing concentrated stocks in DMSO or alkaline buffer and then diluting into assay media with careful mixing\/sonication. \u003cspan data-state=\"closed\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\" class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3728\" data-start=\"3592\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3728\" data-start=\"3594\"\u003eValidate hydrolysis or activation in your system (e.g. measure conversion to sulfathiazole) before interpreting functional outcomes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3853\" data-start=\"3729\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3853\" data-start=\"3731\"\u003eUse proper microbial or enzymatic controls to confirm that observed antibacterial effects derive from activated species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3988\" data-start=\"3854\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3988\" data-start=\"3856\"\u003eStart with conservative doses in microbiological assays due to variability in absorption, activation, and sensitivity among strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3993\" data-start=\"3990\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4020\" data-start=\"3995\"\u003eSafety \u0026amp; Disclaimer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4124\" data-start=\"4022\"\u003eThis product is for \u003cstrong data-end=\"4063\" data-start=\"4042\"\u003eresearch use only\u003c\/strong\u003e—not for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4305\" data-start=\"4126\"\u003eHandle with standard laboratory safety procedures: use gloves, eye protection, and work in well-ventilated or contained conditions. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4440\" data-start=\"4307\"\u003eDispose of waste and residual material in compliance with institutional and regulatory guidelines for antibiotic \/ chemical disposal.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854648340537,"sku":"S-325-50","price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854648373305,"sku":"S-325-100","price":336.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854648406073,"sku":"S-325-250","price":629.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":44854648438841,"sku":"S-325-500","price":978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"sulfadiazine","title":"Sulfadiazine","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"557\"\u003eSulfadiazine is used to suppress susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to investigate folate biosynthesis and sulfonamide resistance mechanisms. It is commonly incorporated into agar or broth to apply selective pressure in strains carrying resistance determinants or to evaluate mutations affecting bacterial metabolic pathways. Sulfadiazine belongs to the sulfonamide class of antimicrobials and functions as a structural analog of para-aminobenzoic acid, a substrate required for folate synthesis in bacteria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"559\" data-end=\"1148\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"559\" data-end=\"573\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sulfadiazine competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, the enzyme responsible for incorporating para-aminobenzoic acid into dihydropteroate during tetrahydrofolate synthesis. By disrupting folate production, it limits the availability of essential cofactors required for nucleotide biosynthesis, ultimately impairing DNA replication and cell division in susceptible organisms. This targeted metabolic interference makes sulfadiazine useful for examining folate pathway function, sul gene mediated resistance, and bacterial growth under defined nutritional conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"559\" data-end=\"1148\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1181\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1181\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1878\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1312\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1312\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1185\" data-end=\"1215\"\u003eFolate Pathway Inhibition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blocks dihydropteroate synthase activity, interfering with bacterial tetrahydrofolate synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1454\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1316\" data-end=\"1454\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1316\" data-end=\"1344\"\u003eBroad Spectrum Activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, supporting selective suppression strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1594\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1594\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1507\"\u003eMetabolic Target Distinct from Other Classes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Provides a mechanism separate from cell wall, ribosomal, or RNA polymerase inhibitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1730\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1730\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1637\"\u003eUseful for Resistance Gene Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Commonly applied in analysis of sul1, sul2, and related sulfonamide resistance determinants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1878\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1878\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1776\"\u003eCompatible with Defined Media Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Particularly suitable for experiments examining metabolic requirements and nutrient dependent growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1880\" data-end=\"1919\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1880\" data-end=\"1919\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2626\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2043\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1923\" data-end=\"2043\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1923\" data-end=\"1969\"\u003eSelective Pressure in Genetic Experiments:\u003c\/strong\u003e Added to media to maintain strains carrying sulfonamide resistance genes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2045\" data-end=\"2170\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2047\" data-end=\"2170\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2047\" data-end=\"2080\"\u003eFolate Biosynthesis Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to study enzymatic steps and regulatory control within the bacterial folate pathway.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2341\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2341\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2212\"\u003eCombination Antimicrobial Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Frequently evaluated in combination with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors to examine sequential blockade of folate metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2343\" data-end=\"2463\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2345\" data-end=\"2463\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2345\" data-end=\"2386\"\u003eAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Included in broth or agar based assays to determine sulfonamide sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2465\" data-end=\"2626\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2626\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2505\"\u003eMetabolic Competition Experiments:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied in studies where modulation of para-aminobenzoic acid concentrations is used to evaluate competitive inhibition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2646\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2646\"\u003ePractical Tips\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2648\" data-end=\"3237\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2648\" data-end=\"2887\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2650\" data-end=\"2887\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2650\" data-end=\"2680\"\u003eMedia Composition Matters:\u003c\/strong\u003e High levels of para-aminobenzoic acid or related compounds in complex media can reduce sulfonamide effectiveness. Use defined or carefully selected media formulations when consistent inhibition is required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2889\" data-end=\"3073\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"3073\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"2921\"\u003eAntagonism Considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sulfonamides can show reduced activity in the presence of exogenous folate intermediates. Interpret growth results in the context of media supplements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3075\" data-end=\"3237\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3237\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3105\"\u003eBacteriostatic Activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sulfadiazine inhibits growth rather than causing rapid lysis. Allow sufficient incubation time when assessing inhibition endpoints.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3075\" data-end=\"3237\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upon receipt, store this product at 4°C.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 kg","offer_id":44854648471609,"sku":"S-315-1","price":280.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 kg","offer_id":44854648504377,"sku":"S-315-2","price":534.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 kg","offer_id":44854648537145,"sku":"S-315-5","price":1143.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"sarafloxacin-hcl-trihydrate","title":"Sarafloxacin HCl Trihydrate","description":"\u003cp\u003eSarafloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective against a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, especially \u003cem\u003eMycobacterium tuberculosis\u003c\/em\u003e. Sarafloxacin HCl Trihydrate is water soluble.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluoroquinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis. These antibiotics prevent unwinding of double-stranded DNA by binding DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase. By preventing the formation of single-stranded DNA, fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial replication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSarafloxacin HCl trihydrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c\/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e ∙ HCl ∙ 3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 475.87 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 4°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=71312361\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e71312361\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854648766521,"sku":"S-300-5","price":66.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854648799289,"sku":"S-300-25","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2370.jpg?v=1757445860"},{"product_id":"streptomycin-sulfate-100mgml-solution","title":"Streptomycin Sulfate 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003cp\u003eStreptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria and \u003cem\u003eMycobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e species.  It is commonly used in cell culture media to prevent bacterial contamination. It has also been used to precipitate nucleic acids during protein purification techniques and to study mechanisms of Streptomycin resistance. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Aminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited. Resistance to this antibiotic is conferred through mutations in the rpsL gene. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e TESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LABS. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStreptomycin Sulfate in H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003cbr\u003e(100 mg\/mL Premade Solution, 0.2 µm Sterile Filtered)\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e TESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Formula: (C \u003csub\u003e21\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e39\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e  · 3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e MW: 1457.38 g\/mol \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Storage\/Handling: Store at -20°C. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e PubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=19648\"\u003e19648\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mL","offer_id":44854649389113,"sku":"S-150-SL10","price":53.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mL","offer_id":44854649421881,"sku":"S-150-SL25","price":84.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854649454649,"sku":"S-150-SL50","price":122.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854649487417,"sku":"S-150-SL100","price":164.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/S-150_3774534a-f9fd-4bb0-8b23-3aee96e19b7c.jpg?v=1757445869"},{"product_id":"streptomycin-sulfate","title":"Streptomycin Sulfate","description":"\u003cp\u003eStreptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria and \u003cem\u003eMycobacterium\u003c\/em\u003e species. It is commonly used in cell culture media to prevent bacterial contamination. It has also been used to precipitate nucleic acids during protein purification techniques and to study mechanisms of Streptomycin resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited. Resistance to this antibiotic is conferred through mutations in the \u003cem\u003erpsL\u003c\/em\u003e gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStreptomycin Sulfate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: (C\u003csub\u003e21\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e39\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e ∙ 3H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 1457.4 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. This product is soluble in water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=19648\"\u003e19648\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854649520185,"sku":"S-150-50","price":41.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854649552953,"sku":"S-150-100","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/S-150.jpg?v=1757445869"},{"product_id":"streptomycin-sulfate-ez-pak-for-100-mgml-solution","title":"Streptomycin Sulfate EZ Pak™ for 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eGoldBio’s Streptomycin Sulfate EZ Pak™ for 100 mg\/mL Solution offers a convenient and reproducible way to prepare sterile streptomycin stock solutions in minutes. There is no need for manual weighing or concentration calculations either.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eEach EZ Pak™ includes GoldBio’s high-quality pre-weighed streptomycin sulfate, a sterile filter, and a sterile container, which allows you to prepare a sterile, accurately concentrated 100 mg\/mL solution quickly and efficiently.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eThe EZ Pak™ format simplifies antibiotic preparation while maintaining full control over solution sterility and concentration, making it perfect for busy research labs, shared facilities, labs that have extremely limited time, or when consistency and contamination control are critical.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eStreptomycin is a well-established aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used in microbiology and cell culture applications. It functions by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, disrupting protein synthesis and leading to bacterial cell death.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eBecause of its activity against many Gram-negative and select Gram-positive organisms, streptomycin is commonly used to suppress bacterial growth. It is also frequently combined with penicillin in cell culture systems to broaden antimicrobial coverage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Measured for Precision\u003c\/b\u003e– Eliminates measurement errors, and makes sterile stock solution preparation quick and easy.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime Savings\u003c\/b\u003e– Add sterile water, filter, and the stock is ready.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReliable 100 mg\/mL Stock– \u003c\/b\u003eEnsures consistent working dilutions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKit components\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-weighed hygromycin powder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSterile filter\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\" style=\"margin-top: 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;\"\u003eSyringe filter (10 mL pack size)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eVacuum filter (25 mL, 50 mL, and 100 mL pack sizes; requires vacuum manifold)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSterile container\u003c\/b\u003e for the filtered antibiotic solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003ePreparation of sterile streptomycin stock solutions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eSuppression of bacterial contamination in mammalian cell culture.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eUse as a component of penicillin-streptomycin combinations.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eMicrobiology applications requiring aminoglycoside antibiotics.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eShared laboratory environments requiring consistent antibiotic preparation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to Prepare a Sterile Antibiotic Solution Using an EZ Pak™\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NNeBa52uEwk?si=HdYXVuz5aPeU21rm\" title=\"YouTube video player\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mL","offer_id":44854649585721,"sku":"S-150-EZ10","price":53.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mL","offer_id":44854649618489,"sku":"S-150-EZ25","price":84.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854649651257,"sku":"S-150-EZ50","price":122.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854649684025,"sku":"S-150-EZ100","price":164.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/S-150-EZ-2026.jpg?v=1771613443"},{"product_id":"spectinomycin-dihydrochloride-pentahydrate-100-mgml-solution","title":"Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride Pentahydrate 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003cp\u003eSpectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces spectabilis\u003c\/em\u003e. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but most commonly used against \u003cem\u003eGonococcus\u003c\/em\u003e species. It has also been used to monitor cell fate during leaf development and as a selection marker in plants to display successful transformation of the \u003cem\u003eSpcr\u003c\/em\u003e gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectinomycin functions by binding the 30s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting tRNA translation and protein synthesis. Resistance to this antibiotic is conferred through the \u003cem\u003eaadA\u003c\/em\u003e gene and mutated \u003cem\u003erpsE\u003c\/em\u003e gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSpectinomycin Dihydrochloride Pentahydrate in H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003cbr\u003e(100 mg\/mL Premade Solution, 0.2 µm Sterile Filtered)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e · 2HCl · 5H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMW: 495.35 g\/mol \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at -20°C. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=30971\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e30971\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"10 mL","offer_id":44854649716793,"sku":"S-140-SL10","price":63.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mL","offer_id":44854649749561,"sku":"S-140-SL25","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854649782329,"sku":"S-140-SL50","price":122.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854649815097,"sku":"S-140-SL100","price":153.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/S-140_d0818918-28fd-49f8-a5b5-937e1902aea8.jpg?v=1757445873"},{"product_id":"spectinomycin-dihydrochloride-pentahydrate-ez-pak-for-100-mgml-solution","title":"Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride Pentahydrate EZ Pak™ for 100 mg\/mL Solution","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eGoldBio’s Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride Pentahydrate EZ Pak™ streamlines the preparation of sterile spectinomycin stock solutions with convenience and ease. No manual weighing or calculations needed to get consistent, sterile stock solution every time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eEach EZ Pak™ contains GoldBio’s high-quality pre-weighed spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate, a sterile filter, and a sterile container, allowing you to quickly prepare a sterile, accurately concentrated 100 mg\/mL solution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe EZ Pak™ format ensures consistent concentration, simplified preparation, and built-in sterility, making it suited for molecular biology labs, shared research environments, and applications that depend on reliable antibiotic-based selection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eSpectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic commonly used as a selectable marker in bacterial cloning systems. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking translocation during translation. Because spectinomycin resistance genes are widely incorporated into plasmid vectors, particularly in cloning and plant research systems, it is frequently used to maintain selective pressure in \u003ci\u003eE. coli\u003c\/i\u003e and related bacterial hosts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Weighed for Accuracy and Convenience \u003c\/b\u003e– Eliminates measurement errors, and makes sterile stock solution preparation quick and easy.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime Savings \u003c\/b\u003e– Add sterile water, filter, and the stock is ready.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eConsistent 100 mg\/mL Concentration – \u003c\/b\u003eReliable dilution into working media.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEffective Selectable Marker Support – \u003c\/b\u003eCommonly used in plasmid-based cloning\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003esystems.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eStandardized Across Users – \u003c\/b\u003eIdeal for multi-researcher laboratories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKit components\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-weighed hygromycin powder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSterile filter\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003eVacuum filter (25 mL, 50 mL, and 100 mL pack sizes; requires vacuum manifold)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSterile container\u003c\/b\u003e for the filtered antibiotic solution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003ePreparation of sterile spectinomycin stock solutions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eAntibiotic selection of spectinomycin-resistant bacteria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eMaintenance of plasmids containing spectinomycin resistance genes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eMolecular cloning applications using spectinomycin-based vectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"\u003e\u003c!-- [if !supportLists]--\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\"\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c!--[endif]--\u003eShared laboratory environments requiring consistent antibiotic preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eStore desiccated at -20°C.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eHow to Prepare a Sterile Antibiotic Solution Using an EZ Pak™\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NNeBa52uEwk?si=HdYXVuz5aPeU21rm\" title=\"YouTube video player\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"25 mL","offer_id":44854649847865,"sku":"S-140-EZ25","price":63.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mL","offer_id":44854649880633,"sku":"S-140-EZ50","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":44854649913401,"sku":"S-140-EZ100","price":122.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/S-140-EZ-2026.jpg?v=1771613445"},{"product_id":"spectinomycin-dihydrochloride-pentahydrate-usp-grade","title":"Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride Pentahydrate, USP Grade","description":"\u003cp\u003eSpectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces spectabilis\u003c\/em\u003e. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but most commonly used against \u003cem\u003eGonococcus\u003c\/em\u003e species. It has also been used to monitor cell fate during leaf development and as a selection marker in plants to display successful transformation of the \u003cem\u003eSpcr\u003c\/em\u003e gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectinomycin functions by binding the 30s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting tRNA translation and protein synthesis. Resistance to this antibiotic is conferred through the \u003cem\u003eaadA\u003c\/em\u003e gene and mutated \u003cem\u003erpsE\u003c\/em\u003e gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpectinomycin Dihydrochloride Pentahydrate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e14\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e · 2HCl · 5H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMW: 495.35 g\/mol \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. Soluble in water. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=30971\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e30971\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854650011705,"sku":"S-140-5","price":44.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854650044473,"sku":"S-140-25","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854650077241,"sku":"S-140-50","price":214.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854650110009,"sku":"S-140-250","price":905.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/S-140.jpg?v=1757445881"},{"product_id":"roxithromycin","title":"Roxithromycin","description":"\u003cp\u003eRoxithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic and derivative of erythromycin. It targets both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and has shown strong efficacy against \u003cem\u003eLegionella pneumophila\u003c\/em\u003e and a variety of oral pathogens. Additionally, roxithromycin inhibits the activation of NADPH oxidase and promotes neutrophil apoptosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMacrolide antibiotics are composed of a macrocyclic lactone ring attached to one or more deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by irreversibly binding the P site of the 50s ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation and translocation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRoxithromycin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e41\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e76\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 837.05 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=5480431\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e5480431\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854651617337,"sku":"R-500-5","price":75.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854651650105,"sku":"R-500-10","price":134.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2369.jpg?v=1757445905"},{"product_id":"ribostamycin-sulfate","title":"Ribostamycin Sulfate","description":"\u003cp\u003eRibostamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces ribosifidicus\u003c\/em\u003e. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ribostamycin has been used to in pharmacokinetic studies and to study kidney toxicity. It is also an inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of amino groups attached to glycosides. They bind the 30s ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of the mRNA sequence and inhibition of translocation. Consequently, protein synthesis is inhibited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRibostamycin Sulfate\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOLECULAR BIOLOGY GRADE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e17\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e34\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e ∙ H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 552.55 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store at 2-8°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/summary\/summary.cgi?cid=18469537\u0026amp;loc=ec_rcs\"\u003e18469537\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":44854651682873,"sku":"R-400-250","price":314.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854651715641,"sku":"R-400-1","price":684.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2368.jpg?v=1757445908"},{"product_id":"rifamycin-sv-sodium","title":"Rifamycin SV sodium","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"681\"\u003eRifamycin SV sodium is used to inhibit susceptible Gram-positive bacteria and to study transcriptional inhibition and rifamycin resistance mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"681\"\u003eRifamycin SV is a member of the rifamycin family of antibiotics and serves as a core structural compound from which other rifamycin derivatives are developed. The sodium salt form improves aqueous solubility compared to the parent compound, supporting more consistent preparation of antibiotic-supplemented media.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"1121\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"697\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifamycin SV binds to the beta subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking the initiation of RNA transcription. By preventing RNA chain elongation at an early stage, it suppresses gene expression and inhibits growth in susceptible bacteria. This transcription-targeting activity makes it useful for examining rpoB mutations, transcriptional stress responses, and cross-resistance within the rifamycin class.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1154\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1154\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1858\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1272\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1272\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1187\"\u003eRNA Polymerase Targeting:\u003c\/strong\u003e Directly inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suppressing transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1274\" data-end=\"1432\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1432\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1330\"\u003eSelective Activity Against Gram-positive Bacteria:\u003c\/strong\u003e Particularly active against many Gram-positive organisms, supporting targeted suppression strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1575\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1575\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1464\"\u003eCore Rifamycin Compound:\u003c\/strong\u003e Serves as a foundational rifamycin structure, useful for comparative studies with other rifamycin derivatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1705\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1705\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1618\"\u003eImproved Solubility as Sodium Salt:\u003c\/strong\u003e The sodium salt form enhances dissolution in aqueous media relative to non-salt forms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"1858\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1858\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1744\"\u003eTool for rpoB Mutation Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Frequently used to investigate mutations in the RNA polymerase beta subunit associated with rifamycin resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1899\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1899\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1899\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1901\" data-end=\"2587\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1901\" data-end=\"2024\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1903\" data-end=\"2024\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1903\" data-end=\"1948\"\u003eSelection of Rifamycin-Resistant Mutants:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied in agar-based selection to isolate strains carrying rpoB mutations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2159\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2159\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2067\"\u003eTranscriptional Inhibition Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to examine global transcriptional shutdown and compensatory gene expression responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2161\" data-end=\"2308\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2163\" data-end=\"2308\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2163\" data-end=\"2198\"\u003eComparative Rifamycin Analysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports evaluation of cross-resistance patterns between rifamycin SV and related compounds such as rifampin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2310\" data-end=\"2440\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2440\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2353\"\u003eAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Included in assays evaluating rifamycin sensitivity profiles in susceptible organisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2442\" data-end=\"2587\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2444\" data-end=\"2587\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2444\" data-end=\"2481\"\u003eSelective Suppression in Culture:\u003c\/strong\u003e Incorporated into media to inhibit susceptible Gram-positive bacteria when maintaining resistant strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2607\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2607\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2607\"\u003ePractical Tips\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2609\" data-end=\"3229\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2609\" data-end=\"2807\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2807\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2643\"\u003eColor Contribution to Media:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifamycin SV has a characteristic red-orange coloration that may visibly tint agar or broth. This is inherent to the compound and not an indication of degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"3017\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"3017\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2848\"\u003eSpontaneous Resistance Frequency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Resistance can arise from single point mutations in rpoB. When isolating resistant colonies, confirm genetic changes to distinguish true mutants from background growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3019\" data-end=\"3229\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3229\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3056\"\u003eCross-Resistance Consideration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mutations conferring resistance to one rifamycin often affect susceptibility to others. Interpret comparative results within the context of shared RNA polymerase targeting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3019\" data-end=\"3229\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upon receipt, store this product desiccated under inert gas at room temperature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":44854651748409,"sku":"R-260-100","price":244.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 g","offer_id":44854651781177,"sku":"R-260-250","price":489.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":44854651813945,"sku":"R-260-500","price":782.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"rifaximin","title":"Rifaximin","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"561\"\u003eRifaximin is used to inhibit susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to investigate transcriptional inhibition and rifamycin resistance mechanisms. It is incorporated into culture media to apply selective pressure in strains carrying rifamycin resistance determinants or to evaluate mutations affecting bacterial RNA polymerase. Rifaximin is a semisynthetic rifamycin derivative with minimal aqueous solubility and limited diffusion in agar, characteristics that can influence its distribution in solid media systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"1014\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"577\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifaximin binds to the beta subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking the initiation of RNA transcription. By preventing RNA chain elongation at an early stage, it suppresses gene expression and inhibits growth in susceptible bacteria. This transcription-targeting activity makes rifaximin useful for examining rpoB mutations, transcriptional stress responses, and cross-resistance patterns within the rifamycin class.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"1014\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1047\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1047\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1701\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1165\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1165\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1080\"\u003eRNA Polymerase Targeting:\u003c\/strong\u003e Directly inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suppressing transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1306\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1306\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1201\"\u003eRifamycin Class Selectivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shares a well-characterized mechanism with other rifamycins, supporting comparative resistance analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1449\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1449\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1344\"\u003eLow Diffusion Characteristics:\u003c\/strong\u003e Limited diffusion in agar can be advantageous in experiments requiring localized antimicrobial exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1451\" data-end=\"1585\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1453\" data-end=\"1585\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1453\" data-end=\"1515\"\u003eActivity Against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria:\u003c\/strong\u003e Provides broad experimental utility in selective suppression studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1701\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1589\" data-end=\"1701\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1589\" data-end=\"1624\"\u003eTool for rpoB Mutation Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Commonly used to investigate mutations associated with rifamycin resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1742\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1742\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"2387\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1880\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1746\" data-end=\"1880\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1746\" data-end=\"1791\"\u003eSelection of Rifamycin-Resistant Mutants:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied in agar-based selection to isolate strains carrying mutations in RNA polymerase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"2015\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"2015\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"1923\"\u003eTranscriptional Inhibition Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to examine global transcriptional shutdown and compensatory gene expression responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2017\" data-end=\"2123\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2019\" data-end=\"2123\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2019\" data-end=\"2054\"\u003eComparative Rifamycin Analysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports evaluation of cross-resistance among rifamycin derivatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2125\" data-end=\"2255\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2255\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2168\"\u003eAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Included in broth or agar based assays for organisms relevant to rifamycin evaluation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2257\" data-end=\"2387\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2259\" data-end=\"2387\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2259\" data-end=\"2294\"\u003eLocalized Exposure Experiments:\u003c\/strong\u003e Limited diffusion properties may be considered when designing agar-based inhibition studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2389\" data-end=\"2407\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2389\" data-end=\"2407\"\u003ePractical Tips\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2997\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2615\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2615\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2438\"\u003eLimited Agar Diffusion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Because rifaximin diffuses poorly in agar, zone sizes in diffusion assays may not directly reflect potency. Broth-based assays may provide more consistent quantitative results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2816\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2619\" data-end=\"2816\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2619\" data-end=\"2649\"\u003eSolubility Considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifaximin has low aqueous solubility relative to rifamycin sodium salts. Ensure complete dissolution in an appropriate solvent system before incorporating into media.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2997\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2997\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2851\"\u003eCross-Resistance Awareness:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mutations in rpoB that confer resistance to other rifamycins may also affect rifaximin susceptibility. Interpret comparative results accordingly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2997\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling: \u003c\/strong\u003eUpon receipt, store this product at 4°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRifaximin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 785.88 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem CID: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/6436173\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e6436173\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854651945017,"sku":"R-240-5","price":324.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854651977785,"sku":"R-240-10","price":485.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854652010553,"sku":"R-240-25","price":752.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854652043321,"sku":"R-240-50","price":1074.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"rifabutin","title":"Rifabutin","description":"\u003cp data-end=\"943\" data-start=\"381\"\u003eRifabutin is used to inhibit susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to study transcriptional regulation, RNA synthesis inhibition, and rifamycin resistance mechanisms. It is also incorporated into culture media to apply selective pressure in strains carrying rifamycin resistance determinants or to evaluate mutations affecting bacterial RNA polymerase. Rifabutin belongs to the rifamycin class of antibiotics and is structurally related to rifampin, with increased lipophilicity that can influence cellular penetration in some organisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1400\" data-start=\"945\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"959\" data-start=\"945\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1400\" data-start=\"945\"\u003eRifabutin binds to the beta subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking the initiation of RNA transcription. By preventing elongation of nascent RNA chains, it suppresses gene expression and inhibits bacterial growth in susceptible strains. This defined transcriptional targeting makes rifabutin useful for examining rpoB mutations, transcriptional stress responses, and cross-resistance patterns within the rifamycin class.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1400\" data-start=\"945\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"1433\" data-start=\"1402\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1433\" data-start=\"1402\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2175\" data-start=\"1435\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1570\" data-start=\"1435\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1570\" data-start=\"1437\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1467\" data-start=\"1437\"\u003eRNA Polymerase Inhibition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Specifically targets the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase, directly suppressing transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1729\" data-start=\"1572\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1729\" data-start=\"1574\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1606\" data-start=\"1574\"\u003eRifamycin Class Selectivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Active against many Gram-positive bacteria and select Gram-negative organisms, supporting targeted suppression strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1859\" data-start=\"1731\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1859\" data-start=\"1733\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1768\" data-start=\"1733\"\u003eCross-Resistance Analysis Tool:\u003c\/strong\u003e Commonly used to investigate mutations in rpoB and evaluate rifamycin resistance profiles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"1998\" data-start=\"1861\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1998\" data-start=\"1863\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1888\" data-start=\"1863\"\u003eLipophilic Structure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Greater lipophilicity compared to rifampin can influence bacterial uptake characteristics in certain systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2175\" data-start=\"2000\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2175\" data-start=\"2002\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2036\" data-start=\"2002\"\u003eTranscription-Focused Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enables investigation of transcriptional regulation and stress responses distinct from DNA replication or cell wall targeting antibiotics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2216\" data-start=\"2177\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2216\" data-start=\"2177\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"2843\" data-start=\"2218\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2328\" data-start=\"2218\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2328\" data-start=\"2220\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2260\" data-start=\"2220\"\u003eSelective Pressure for rpoB Mutants:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied in selection experiments to isolate RNA polymerase mutants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2463\" data-start=\"2330\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2463\" data-start=\"2332\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2371\" data-start=\"2332\"\u003eTranscriptional Regulation Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to examine global transcriptional shutdown and compensatory gene expression responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2596\" data-start=\"2465\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2596\" data-start=\"2467\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2501\" data-start=\"2467\"\u003eComparative Rifamycin Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports evaluation of cross-resistance and differential activity among rifamycin derivatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2725\" data-start=\"2598\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2725\" data-start=\"2600\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2641\" data-start=\"2600\"\u003eAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Included in broth or agar based assays for organisms where rifamycins are relevant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"2843\" data-start=\"2727\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2843\" data-start=\"2729\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2759\" data-start=\"2729\"\u003eMixed Culture Suppression:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to inhibit susceptible bacteria while maintaining rifamycin-resistant strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"2863\" data-start=\"2845\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2863\" data-start=\"2845\"\u003ePractical Tips\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"3427\" data-start=\"2865\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3019\" data-start=\"2865\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3019\" data-start=\"2867\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2889\" data-start=\"2867\"\u003eLight Sensitivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifamycin derivatives can degrade with prolonged light exposure. Minimize light exposure during plate preparation and incubation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3207\" data-start=\"3021\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"3207\" data-start=\"3023\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3054\" data-start=\"3023\"\u003ePigmentation Consideration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifabutin has a characteristic coloration that may impart a tint to media at higher concentrations. This does not necessarily indicate loss of activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"3207\" data-start=\"3021\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upon receipt, store product at -20°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"5g","offer_id":45313416003641,"sku":"R-210-5","price":909.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"rifapentine","title":"Rifapentine","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"25\" data-end=\"585\"\u003eRifapentine is used to inhibit susceptible Gram-positive bacteria and select Gram-negative organisms and to investigate transcriptional inhibition and rifamycin resistance mechanisms. Rifapentine is a semisynthetic rifamycin derivative with increased lipophilicity compared to rifampin, which can influence cellular uptake characteristics in certain bacterial systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"1027\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"601\"\u003eMechanism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifapentine binds to the beta subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking the initiation of RNA transcription. By preventing elongation of nascent RNA chains, it suppresses gene expression and inhibits bacterial growth in susceptible strains. This defined transcriptional targeting supports studies of rpoB mutations, transcriptional stress responses, and cross-resistance patterns within the rifamycin class.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"1027\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1060\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1060\"\u003eKey Features and Advantages\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1800\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1191\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1191\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1094\"\u003eRNA Polymerase Inhibition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Specifically targets bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, directly suppressing transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1344\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1344\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1224\"\u003eRifamycin Class Activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shares a well-characterized mechanism with other rifamycins, enabling comparative resistance and transcription studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1503\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1503\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1375\"\u003eEnhanced Lipophilicity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Greater lipophilicity relative to rifampin may influence bacterial penetration characteristics in certain experimental systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1652\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1652\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1561\"\u003eSelective Activity Against Gram-positive Bacteria:\u003c\/strong\u003e Active against many Gram-positive organisms, supporting targeted suppression applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1654\" data-end=\"1800\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1800\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1692\"\u003eTool for rpoB Mutation Analysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Commonly used to examine mutations in the RNA polymerase beta subunit associated with rifamycin resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1841\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1841\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1841\"\u003eCommon Applications and Usage Notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"2478\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"1966\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"1966\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"1890\"\u003eSelection of Rifamycin-Resistant Mutants:\u003c\/strong\u003e Applied in agar-based selection to isolate strains carrying rpoB mutations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"2102\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2102\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2009\"\u003eTranscriptional Regulation Studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Used to evaluate global transcriptional shutdown and compensatory gene expression responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2214\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2106\" data-end=\"2214\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2106\" data-end=\"2138\"\u003eCross-Resistance Evaluation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports comparison of susceptibility profiles among rifamycin derivatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2216\" data-end=\"2337\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2337\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2259\"\u003eAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Included in broth or agar based assays when evaluating rifamycin sensitivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2478\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2341\" data-end=\"2478\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2341\" data-end=\"2385\"\u003eSelective Suppression in Mixed Cultures:\u003c\/strong\u003e Incorporated into media to inhibit susceptible bacteria while maintaining resistant strains.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2480\" data-end=\"2498\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2480\" data-end=\"2498\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2480\" data-end=\"2498\"\u003ePractical Tips\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2500\" data-end=\"3020\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2500\" data-end=\"2651\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2502\" data-end=\"2651\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2502\" data-end=\"2524\"\u003eLight Sensitivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifamycin derivatives can degrade with prolonged light exposure. Limit light exposure during media preparation and incubation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2653\" data-end=\"2806\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2806\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2679\"\u003eColoration of Media:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifapentine may impart a visible tint to agar or broth at working concentrations. This coloration is inherent to the compound.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2808\" data-end=\"3020\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2810\" data-end=\"3020\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2810\" data-end=\"2847\"\u003eResistance Mutation Confirmation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rifamycin resistance can result from single point mutations in rpoB. Confirm genetic changes when isolating resistant colonies to ensure accurate interpretation of results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2808\" data-end=\"3020\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage\/Handling\u003c\/strong\u003e: Upon receipt, store this product at 4°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":44854652174393,"sku":"R-230-250","price":254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854652207161,"sku":"R-230-500","price":385.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854652239929,"sku":"R-230-1","price":578.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/Default_No_Image_Bottle_png.png?v=1757612830"},{"product_id":"rifampicin","title":"Rifampicin, Molecular Biology Grade","description":"\u003cp\u003eRifampicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic known for its efficacy against tuberculosis and other infections caused by Mycobacterium species. This semisynthetic antibiotic has also been shown to work against methicillin-resistant \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c\/em\u003e (MRSA), to activate nuclear pregnane x receptor (PXR), and to promote CYP2C-mediated metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRifampicin functions by binding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase, inhibiting RNA synthesis. Resistance to this antibiotic develops from mutations on the binding site on RNA polymerase leading to a lower affinity for rifampicin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LABS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRifampicin \u003cbr\u003eRMP \u003cbr\u003eRifampin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula: C\u003csub\u003e43\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e58\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW: 822.94 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling: Store desiccated at -20°C. \u003cbr\u003eSoluble at 50 mg\/ml in DMSO or up to 16 mg\/ml in Methanol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/135398735\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e135398735\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"1 g","offer_id":44854652731449,"sku":"R-120-1","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g","offer_id":44854652764217,"sku":"R-120-5","price":86.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":44854652796985,"sku":"R-120-10","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":44854652829753,"sku":"R-120-25","price":224.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":44854652862521,"sku":"R-120-50","price":361.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/R-120.jpg?v=1757445928"},{"product_id":"rapamycin","title":"Rapamycin","description":"\u003cp\u003eRapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from \u003cem\u003eStreptomyces hygroscopicus\u003c\/em\u003e. It has been shown to display anticancer activity such as induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis and proliferation in tumor cell lines. Rapamycin is also an immunosuppressant and FRAP inhibitor and inhibits lymphokine-induced cell proliferation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRapamycin works by forming a complex with FKBP12 and binding mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), causing it to be inhibited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cbr\u003eSirolimus \u003cbr\u003eRapamune \u003cbr\u003eRapamycin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula:C \u003csub\u003e51\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e79\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e13\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMW:914.17 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStorage\/Handling:This product is soluble in DMSO or Ethanol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePubChem Chemical ID:\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/5284616\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e5284616\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GoldBio","offers":[{"title":"25mg","offer_id":44854653059129,"sku":"R-101-25","price":58.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":44854653091897,"sku":"R-101-100","price":204.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":44854653124665,"sku":"R-101-500","price":914.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/files\/2159.jpg?v=1757445930"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0718\/5235\/9737\/collections\/A-301.jpg?v=1769619595","url":"https:\/\/www.goldbio.com\/collections\/all-antibiotics-antimicrobials.oembed","provider":"GoldBio","version":"1.0","type":"link"}