Methotrexate sodium salt is an anti-cancer agent that works by inhibiting folic acid metabolism. Methotrexate is an allosteric dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor. DHFR is is an essential enzyme in folic acid metabolism. Folic acid is necessary for production of thymidine and purine; therefore, methotrexate is a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor. It is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Mitomycin C is an antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus. It is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and a variety of cancer cells, including Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Mitomycin C has been used to produce mitotically inactivated feeder cells and has been shown to increase recombination during fruit fly meiosis. It is capable of killing mutant strains of Arabidopsis that are defective for recombination during meiosis.

Mitomycin C functions as a DNA crosslinking agent, inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Mitoxantrone HCl is an anthracenedione anti-cancer agent. It functions by intercalating between DNA and causing double-stranded breaks. This inhibits T-cell, B-cell, and macrophage division and prevents DNA repair and synthesis. It has been shown to be effective against breast cancers, leukemias, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It also exhibits immunosuppressive activity by inducing apoptosis in antigen-presenting T-cells and is an immune system regulator in multiple sclerosis.

Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant reagent that inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, preventing the de novo synthesis of GMP (Guanosine monophosphate). MPA has been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antitumor properties and is commonly used for the selection of rat or mouse cells that have been modified to express the E. coli gene for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.

Paclitaxel is an anti-cancer taxane drug. It stabilizes microtubules arresting the cell cycle. This induces apoptosis through a JNK-dependent and JNK-independent pathway. It is used as a component of dechlorination buffer and as an internal standard for chromatographic docetaxel studies.

Streptozocin is an anti-tumor agent reserved as a last resort against metastatic pancreatic islet cells. Streptozocin functions by adding methyl and alkyl groups to DNA and interfering with normal base pairing. This damages the DNA and causes a decrease in tumor size. Streptozocin enters cells via the glucose transport protein, GLUT2. It is capable of causing vasorelaxation, NCOAT inhibition, and donating nitric oxide (NO).

Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-cancer agent and protein kinase C inhibitor. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in human malignant glioma cells and to block VEGF production in breast cancer cells. Additionally, tamoxifen’s effects on radiation sensitivity have been studied. It has been used to analyze steroid receptors on human breast cancer cells and to study triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver. Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor activator.

Vinblastine Sulfate is a plant alkaloid anti-mitotic agent and immunosuppressant. It interferes with microtubule assembly by depolymerizing microtubules and arresting the cell cycle. Vinblastine sulfate has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell lines. It is also a Raf-1 activator and substrate of Pgp and CYP3A4.