2-Naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a substrate for beta-galactosidase. 2-naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding red-brown azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.

2-Naphthyl-α- L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for α-L-Fucosidase. 2-naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.

2-Naphthyl-α-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for α-glucosidase. 2-naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding red-brown azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.

2-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl- β-D- glucosaminide is a chromogenic β-glucosaminidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.

2-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside or ONPG is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. Upon hydrolysis, ONPG releases galactose along with a chromogenic yellow compound. Additionally, ONPG is a substrate useful for the determination of β-glucosidases.

3,4-Cyclohexenoesculetin beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromatographic reagent for selective isolation of Salmonella spp.

4,6-Benzylidene-4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside is a reagent used for chemical synthesis.

4-Nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-D-Fucosidase that yields a yellow solution when cleaved.