2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a molecule with a broad range of applications, from a reagent to a potential anti-cancer drug. As a reagent it can be combined with the radiolabel fluorine-18 to monitor glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) allowing detection of altered metabolism resulting from diseases like Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular disease. As a therapeutic drug 2-Deoxy-D-glucose uptake is the same as regular glucose, but has an inhibiting effect on cell growth. This makes it an effective tumor suppressant. It is a potential anti-epileptic drug due to its mimicry of ketogenic diets used for treating epilepsy, by increasing Brain-derived neurotrophic factors, nerve and basic fibroblast growth factors and Arc protein. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose’s anti-cancer properties stem from its ability to slow both tumor growth and mark tissues with elevated glucose and hexokinase activity, which are common markers for cancer activity. It can also be used to increase the absorption of other chemotherapy agents like adriamycin and paclitaxel.

3-O-Methyl-D-glucopyranoside is a glucose that is not metabolized, giving it the ability to study glucose transport capacity in diabetic rats. It has been used as an intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants, resins, emulsifiers and thickening agents.

alpha,beta-D-Glucose pentaacetate is a reagent used for chemical synthesis. It can be used to induce the secretion of insulin.

alpha-D-Glucosamine pentaacetate is a reagent used in chemical synthesis.

beta-D-Maltose octaacetate is a reagent used for chemical synthesis. It has been used in a binary mixture of beta-D-Maltose octaacetate and CO2 to create carbon dioxide-soluble polymers for petroleum engineering applications.

D-Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative that is converted to L-ascorbic acid in animals and humans. It is studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.

D-Mannoheptulose is a natural, seven-carbon monosaccharide found in avocado fruits. It behaves as a competitive inhibitor of hexokinase, an enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses such as glucose. The inhibition of hexokinase leads to the prevention of glycolysis.

Extensive research has reported that using D-mannoheptulose to interfere with hexokinases ultimately inhibits the synthesis and release of insulin. This has had a significant impact on studies involving diabetes and anti-aging.

D-Mannose is an aldohexose carbohydrate used to study the effects of mannose on processes such as glycosylation. It can also be used as an alternative biological energy source. D-mannose has been used to study bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation

D-Melezitose hydrate is a carbon substrate used to analyze identification of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella species. It is also used to study epidemiologic markers of Klebsiella oxytoca strains.

D-Melibiose is a reducing disaccharide formed from galactose and glucose. It can be used to differentiate between Saccharomyces pastorianus, which breaks down D-Melibose, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae which does not. This characteristic may be shared among other bacteria, giving D-Melibiose an ability to differentiate bacterial species. D-Melibiose has also been used to study water plasticization of amorphous disaccharides and in a study improvind the preparation of benzoylated ethyl. It also has moderate protective effects on anti-pig antibodies in pig kidney cells.

D-Ribose is an aldopentose monosaccharide. It is phosphorylated into D-ribose 5-phosphate by ribokinase and then supports the synthesis of tryptophan and histidine. Additionally, D-ribose 5-phosphate is part of the pentose phosphate pathway. D-Ribose may be used as a cell culture media supplement.