Description
Timentin™ (ticarcillin and clavulanate 15:1) is GoldBio’s reliable choice for plant genetic transformation. It supports post-co-cultivation suppression of Agrobacterium, so regenerating tissues recover cleanly across diverse species.
In tomato systems, Timentin promotes callus induction and shoot regeneration compared with alternatives such as cefotaxime. In woody perennials like citrus, it is valued for low phytotoxicity that preserves morphogenesis. Researchers also use Timentin in seedling and root culture after infection to prevent bacterial regrowth, and in protoplast workflows where appropriate concentrations maintain sterility without compromising regeneration.
GoldBio provides a water-soluble powder with clear documentation and consistent performance. Streamline plant transformation pipelines, reduce troubleshooting due to bacterial carryover, and improve reproducibility from co-cultivation through regeneration.
TESTED AGAINST BOTH SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CELLS AT GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB.
Common Research Applications:
(Click each for more information)
Post-Cocultivation Suppression of Agrobacterium in Plant Transformation
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Purpose: Eliminate residual Agrobacterium tumefaciens after gene delivery while maintaining plant tissue viability.
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How It Works: Ticarcillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, while clavulanate inactivates β-lactamases, ensuring effective clearance even from resistant Agrobacterium strains.
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Applications: Recovery media following cocultivation across diverse plant species to prevent bacterial overgrowth while transformed tissues regenerate.
Cheng, Z.-M., Schnurr, J. A., & Kapaun, J. A. (1998). Timentin as an alternative antibiotic for suppression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in genetic transformation. Plant Cell Reports, 17(8), 646–649.
Tomato Transformation with Enhanced Regeneration and Low Phytotoxicity
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Purpose: Improve transformation efficiency and shoot regeneration while controlling Agrobacterium in tomato tissue culture.
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How It Works: At 150–300 mg/L, Timentin clears Agrobacterium while supporting callus induction and organogenesis, outperforming certain other β-lactams such as cefotaxime in some cultivars.
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Applications: Lycopersicon esculentum transformation protocols, often leading to increased regeneration rates and transformation frequencies.
Ling, H.-Q., Kriseleit, D., & Ganal, M. W. (1998). Effect of ticarcillin/potassium clavulanate on callus growth and shoot regeneration in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Plant Cell Reports, 17(10), 843–847.
Costa, M. G. C., Nogueira, F. T. S., Figueira, M. L., Otoni, W. C., Brommonschenkel, S. H., & Cecon, P. R. (2000). Influence of the antibiotic Timentin on plant regeneration of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Plant Cell Reports, 19(4), 327–332.
Low-Toxicity Alternative to Cefotaxime or Carbenicillin in Woody Perennial Transformations
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Purpose: Suppress Agrobacterium in woody plant transformations without impairing morphogenesis.
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How It Works: The ticarcillin–clavulanate combination targets bacterial cell wall synthesis and neutralizes β-lactamases, controlling Agrobacterium while preserving regeneration capacity in woody tissues.
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Applications: Citrus and other woody perennial systems where standard β-lactams can be phytotoxic.
da Silva Mendes, A. F., Cidade, L. C., de Oliveira, M. L. P., Otoni, W. C., Soares-Filho, W. dos S., & Costa, M. G. C. (2009). Evaluation of novel beta-lactam antibiotics in comparison to cefotaxime on plant regeneration of Citrus sinensis L. Osb. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 97(3), 331–336.
Use in Seedling and Root Culture Systems Post-Agrobacterium Infection
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Purpose: Prevent Agrobacterium regrowth during early plant development stages after transformation.
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How It Works: Timentin provides sustained antibacterial protection in germination and rooting media without significantly affecting plantlet establishment or root development.
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Applications: Arabidopsis thaliana transformation workflows, including germinating seeds on ~100 mg/L Timentin to suppress Agrobacterium trapped under seed coats, and maintaining infected roots or seedlings on Timentin-containing media during growth.
Gelvin, S. B. (2006). Agrobacterium transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana roots: A quantitative assay. In K. Wang (Ed.), Agrobacterium Protocols (Vol. 343, pp. 105–114). Humana Press.
Compatibility with Protoplast Isolation and Culture
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Purpose: Control bacterial contamination in protoplast systems without impairing wall regeneration or cell division.
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How It Works: Timentin maintains sterility at 100–500 mg/L, a range reported as non-toxic to protoplasts under standard culture conditions.
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Applications: Tissue culture and genetic manipulation workflows involving protoplasts, where contamination control must not compromise cell viability.
Grzebelus, E., & Skop, Ł. (2014). Effect of β-lactam antibiotics on plant regeneration in carrot protoplast cultures. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 50(5), 568–575.
Benefits:
- Cleaner recoveries after co cultivation: reliably clears Agrobacterium while transformed tissues regenerate, improving success rates.
- Low phytotoxicity vs. common alternatives: better shoot regeneration in tomato and woody perennials (e.g., cefotaxime/carbenicillin)
- Seedling/root culture compatibility: supports post infection germination/rooting routines without stunting.
- Protoplast safe windows: contamination control without compromising regeneration.
Storage/Handling:
Store desiccated at -20°C. Soluble in water.
PubChem Chemical ID
PubChem Chemical ID (Ticarcillin): 470375
PubChem Chemical ID (Clavulanate): 23665591
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