Description
Trigonelline Hydrochloride — Alkaloid Metabolite & Research Molecule
Product Overview
Trigonelline Hydrochloride is the salt form of trigonelline, a naturally occurring pyridine alkaloid known as N-methyl nicotinic acid. It is widely found in coffee, fenugreek seeds, and various plants.
In research settings, trigonelline (and its hydrochloride) is used in studies of cellular metabolism, neuroprotection, inflammation, diabetic models, and small-molecule drug development.
Key Specifications & Identity
| Property |
Detail |
| Synonyms / Alternate Names |
1-Methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate chloride; N-methyl nicotinic acid HCl |
| CAS Number |
535-83-1
|
| PubChem CID |
134606 |
| Molecular Formula |
C₇H₇NO₂ · HCl |
| Molecular Weight |
~ 157.6 g/mol (approximate, including HCl) |
| Appearance |
White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Solubility |
Soluble in water and warm alcohol; sparingly soluble in cold alcohol |
| Melting Point |
The base itself melts ~230-233 °C (monohydrate); the hydrochloride form’s melting point is ~258-259 °C
|
| Grade / Purity |
Analytical / research grade (lot specifics per certificate) |
Biological Relevance & Functional Highlights
-
Metabolic & Signaling Modulator
Trigonelline is generated via methylation of nicotinic acid (vitamin B₃) and participates in various metabolic and signaling pathways.
-
Neuroprotective & Anti-oxidative Activity
Emerging studies report that trigonelline may protect neurons, ameliorate oxidative stress, modulate inflammatory pathways, and support neural health.
-
Anti-diabetic / Metabolic Effects
In models, trigonelline has been shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and counter metabolic stress.
-
Anti-fibrotic & Anti-inflammatory
In pulmonary and fibroblast systems, trigonelline has exhibited inhibitory effects on fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis, possibly via TGF-β / Smad signaling modulation.
-
Drug / Delivery Model
Because of its hydrophilicity and well-characterized behavior, trigonelline HCl is sometimes used as a model small molecule in drug delivery studies (e.g. release kinetics from carriers).
Suggested Applications & Usage Notes
-
Cellular / in vitro studies
Use in neuronal, metabolic, inflammatory or oxidative stress models to test protective, signaling, or modulatory effects.
-
Animal / preclinical studies
For metabolic, neurological, or fibrosis models to evaluate efficacy, pharmacokinetics, or dose response.
-
Comparative / mechanistic assays
Use as a reference molecule in studies of nicotinate derivatives, methylated pyridines, or alkaloid analogs.
-
Formulation / drug delivery testing
Because trigonelline is water-soluble and stable, it is suitable as a test cargo in controlled-release formulations and solubility/diffusion experiments.
Usage Tips / Considerations:
-
Prepare stock solutions fresh in water or suitable buffer; adjust pH if needed.
-
Protect from prolonged exposure to light or moisture to preserve integrity.
-
In animal or cellular systems, verify uptake, stability, and concentration–effect windows.
-
Always consult the Certificate of Analysis (COA) for purity, exact weight, and storage instructions.
Safety & Disclaimer
-
For research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans or animals.
-
Handle with standard laboratory safety precautions: use gloves, protective eyewear, work in a well-ventilated environment.
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Avoid inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with skin or mucous membranes.
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Dispose of waste and unused material per institutional and regulatory chemical waste protocols.
