(+)-Bicuculline, a light-sensitive competitive GABAA and GABAA-gated chloride channel antagonist, functions in the biochemical field as a drug, CNS stimulator, convulsant and neurotransmitter. Its chemical identities are alkaloid and phthalide-isoquinoline compound. Extracted from plant alkaloid in 1932, this metabolite has been definitively located in Adlumia fungosa, Dicentra cucullaria, Fumariaceae and some species of Corydalis. (+)-Bicuculline acts primarily on ionotropic GABAA receptors but also blocks Ca2+-activated potassium channels and can act as an agrochemical.

As a poisonous neurotoxin, it affects nervous system responses associated with GABAA by binding to the receptors but not activating them, thus inhibiting the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid. This produces a powerful convulsive reaction mimicking epilepsy and has been used in lab studies of the condition. Administered with NMDA, it has induced paraplegia. Injection to the amygdala has also produced GABA-related anxiolytic effects on emotional states.

Spartein is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent sodium channel blocker from scotch broom. As a reagent it can be used to synthesize multiple different transformation catalysts and other molecules.

(-)-Arctigenin is a dibenzylbutyrolactone ligand found in the root of Arctium lappa L. It is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, viral integrase including HIV-1 integrase, PAC-1, TNF-alpha, and nitric oxide secretion. Additionally, (-)-arctigenin displays anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. (-)-Arctigenin has been used in research on cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.

(S)-(+)-6-Methoxy-alpha-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid is more commonly known as naproxen. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). Naproxen has been shown to decrease production of thromboxane B2.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester has been used in various biochemical studies. It has been used to study the potential of water-soluble camptothecin glucuronide derivatives as a cancer prodrug monotherapy and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Additionally, it has been used to assess the role of glycosylthio heterocycles in carbohydrates.

1,2,4-Triazole is an aromatic molecule. It is a reagent for the synthesis of many different molecules, including conazole based antifungals, ribofuranosyl based antivirals and antitumor agents.

1,2-Benzoisothiazolin-3-one, sodium salt is an isothiazolinone biocine used in plants and as a preservative. Its mode of action is both fungicidal and microbicidal.

1,2-Di-O-tetradecyl-sn-glycerol is a reagent for chemical synthesis.

1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a phospholipid found in eukaryotes, but not most bacteria. It is used in lipid bilayer studies to analyze organelle and cell membranes. It’s also been used to study molecules in membranes, such as the interaction between DMPC and proteins in lab-constructed dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.