2-Naphthyl-α- L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for α-L-Fucosidase. 2-naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.

alpha-Naphthoflavone is a flavone derivative. It functions as an inhibitor of aromatase, which converts testosterone to estrogen, cytochrome P-450 in the liver, and dioxin receptors. alpha-Naphthoflavone induces vasorelaxation through induction of extracellular calcium.

Neutral red dye is a dark brown to dark green power used to stain nuclei red, in cell viability tests, and as a pH indicator (transition of pH indicator: pH 6.8-8.0, red to yellow). Additionally, it is used to prepare neutral red paper and as a histological stain for lysozymes.

Phenylpropiolic acid is a reagent used in chemical synthesis. It has been used in the synthesis of tacchykinin receptor antagonists and catalyzation of aryl and vinyl cross-coupling reactions.

5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid is an indole. 5-Methoxyindole-3-acetic acid itself has antibacterial properties, and can be used to enhance lipid peroxidation and can also function like an antioxidant. It has been used to synthesize Gli1 antitumor agents, inhibitors of NO production and selective COX-2 inhibitors.

MOPSO sodium salt is a zwitterionic buffering agent used in biochemistry and molecular biology that was selected and described by Good et al. It is a morpholinic buffer, structurally similar to MOPS, that is useful for a pH range of 6.2 – 7.6. It is commonly used for cell culture media, as a running buffer in electrophoresis, and for protein purification with chromatography. Due to low ionic mobility, MOPSO is regarded as an excellent buffer for use in capillary electrochromatography. MOPSO lacks the ability to form a complex with most metal ions and is recommended for use as a non-coordinating buffer in solutions with metal ions. It does form a complex with some organotin(IV) molecules that are being explored as antitumor agents. MOPSO also interacts with the peptide backbone of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to stabilize BSA against thermal denaturation.

Ribavirin is broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside active against HIV, RSV, HCV, and adenovirus. It functions as a precursor to diphosphates and triphosphates, which inhibit viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Ribavirin is an inhibitor of purine biosynthesis. Additionally, a metabolite of ribavirin, ribavirin 5’-phosphate, is an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase.

2-Naphthyl myristate is a substrate for carboxylesterase. When coupled with a diazonium salt an azo-dye is formed. It can also be detected via fluorescence analysis.