PEG 3350 is a polyethylene glycol that has an average molecular weight of 3350 g/mol. PEG's are polymers that can be used to precipitate DNA, RNA, proteins and viruses.

The pSoup helper plasmid is required for the replication of pGreen, 62SK, and pGs2 series plasmids. The p19 protein is derived from tomato bush dwarf virus and further improves the stability of heterologous gene transcripts by inhibiting RNA silencing of foreign. The combination of these features in the pSoup-P19 plasmid helps to enhance the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of dicotyledonous plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, and potato, as well as monocotyledonous plants such as corn.

D-Norvaline is an alpha-amino acid. It is a natural component of an antifungal peptide of Bacillus subtilis, and may be part of the production of cell walls resistant to vancomycin. As a reagent it has been used to synthesize MMP inhibitors.

7-Nitroindole is a reagent used in chemical synthesis. It has been used in the synthesis of protein kinase and inosine monophosphate inhibitors, beta3 agonists and CCK-1 receptor modulators. 7-Nitroindole has also been used as a photochemical precursor of the 2’-deoxyribonolactone analog.

The pBR325 plasmid is a classic cloning vector used in molecular biology. It is derived from the pBR322 plasmid, which itself is one of the first and most widely used plasmids for cloning purposes.

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D- galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate yielding a soluble chromophor for the colorimetric assay of alpha-D-galactosidase upon cleavage. Used for the detection of hydrolases in tissues and membranes.

Ganciclovir is a synthetic analogue of 2’-deoxy-guanosine used as an antiviral agent. It works by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis by competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerases eventually resulting in termination. Most commonly, it is used against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Ganciclovir has also been used to perform selective removal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells from cultures along with HSV1 thymidine kinase.

Phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for beta-glucosidase.