Ampicillin sodium is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin Sodium is freely soluble in water.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Carbenicillin is a member of the penicillin β-lactam antibiotics. However, unlike most β-lactams, carbenicillin disodium is limited to primarily gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and common enteric species. It can be used in selection protocols and is often preferred over ampicillin due to its increased stability. This allows for less contamination of unwanted bacterial colonies. In addition, carbenicillin has been used to regulate bacterial growth in plants, yielding low regeneration frequencies. It can be used in genetic transformation applications to select for AmpR transformed cells.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Cefotaxime is a third generation, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic effective against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. However, unlike many other cephalosporins, cefotaxime is not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Cefotaxime is often used in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations to regulate bacterial growth. It has been shown to exhibit a synergistic effect with Vancomycin in certain conditions.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Cefotaxime is a third generation, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic effective against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. However, unlike many other cephalosporins, cefotaxime is not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Cefotaxime is often used in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations to regulate bacterial growth. It has been shown to exhibit a synergistic effect with Vancomycin in certain conditions.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against gram-negative and gram-positive species. In addition, gentamicin exhibits antimicrobial properties against species resistant to tetracycline, colistin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as Mycoplasma species. Kanamycin is commonly used to select for bacteria that have been transformed with a kanamycin-resistant gene and plant tissues that have the NPT II (APH3) gene incorporated in them. Kanamycin is very soluble in aqueous solution and is typically used in concentrations of 50-100 µg/ml.

Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces spectabilis. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but most commonly used against Gonococcus species. It has also been used to monitor cell fate during leaf development and as a selection marker in plants to display successful transformation of the Spcr gene.

Spectinomycin functions by binding the 30s ribosomal subunit, inhibiting tRNA translation and protein synthesis. Resistance to this antibiotic is conferred through the aadA gene and mutated rpsE gene.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic primarily effective against gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacterium species. It is commonly used in cell culture media to prevent bacterial contamination. It has also been used to precipitate nucleic acids during protein purification techniques and to study mechanisms of Streptomycin resistance.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

Timentin™ is a 15:1 mixture of ticarcillin and clavulanate. Ticarcillin is a penicillin ß-lactam antibiotic, which is susceptible to ß-lactamase degradation. When combined with clavulanate, a ß-lactamase inhibitor, its efficacy is greatly increased. Timentin™ exhibits high activity against gram-negative bacteria and resistant Agrobacterium species.