D-Glucose 6-phosphate barium salt, derived from adding a barium molecule to the compound D-(+)-Glucose, is a monosaccharide derivative and organic phosphate. This carbohydrate appears as a white powder and can be applied as a chiral reagent. Its tendency for separation has contributed to research in circulatory systems and treating liquids with solid sorbents. In hydrogel analysis, it showed consistent binding affinity to d-glucose, l-glucose, d-fructose and d-gluconamide as other similar polymers; it was not selective for either glucose enantiomer.

L-Carnosine is a white to slightly off-white crystalline powder that is used as a substrate for carnosinase-1 and other enzymes.

L-Glutamic acid gamma-(7-amido-4-methylcoumarin) is a substrate for aminopeptidase A. In the gamma-glutamyl transferase assay, the substrate cleaves to yield a blue fluorescent solution.

Fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase A, yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.

Ribonolactone is a monosaccharide carbohydrate beta-lactone which can function as a reagent. In chiral acrylics, cyclopentenones and oxabicyclic systems, Ribonolactone is a building block. Research on the substance involves carbohydrate chemistry and photochemical synthesis. Ribonolactone has been identified as an effective analyte protectant for GC/MS analyzing pesticide. This metabolite which has been isolated in human biofluids when the individuals suffer from neuroblastoma.

trans-Aconitic acid (abbreviated TAA) is the trans isomer of Aconitic acid. As an antimicrobial agent trans-Aconitic acid is used as an antileishmanial to prevent L. donovani from transforming from amastigotes to promastigotes, thus inhibiting the reproduction of the bacteria. In synthesis, TAA allows for the crosslinking of carboxylic acids to create polyvinyl alcohol films that are water-soluble. Found in range grasses at varying concentrations, it inhibits the tricarboxylic acid cycle it may be partially responsible for nutritional disorders in grazing cattle.