Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a glycoprotein present in serum but absent from plasma. PDGF has three subforms: PDGFAA, PDGFBB, and PDGF-AB. This form is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two peptide chains B (PDGFBB). It is involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, embryonic neuron development, chemotaxis, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. In contrast to PDGFAA, the beta chains in PDGFBB are sufficient for mitogenesis. The function of PDGF is mediated by two tyrosine kinase receptors, PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β, both of which bind PDGFBB.

Perfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and is an analog of norfloxacin. It targets gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as several Mycoplasma species. It is commonly used against Gonococcal species and to induce achilles tendon toxicity in rodents.

Penicillin G is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by the Penicillium fungus. It has shown efficacy against a variety of Streptococcus species as well as non-penicillinase producing Staphylococcus species. The potassium salt is useful in studying Staphylococcus murosomes and Streptococcus mutans. This product has been tested against both sensitive and resistant cells.

Penicillin G is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by the Penicillium fungus. It has shown efficacy against a variety of Streptococcus species as well as non-penicillinase producing Staphylococcus species.

Pepstatin A is a competitive, reversible aspartic protease inhibitor and inhibits proteases such as pepsin, chyomsin, renin, HIV proteases, and cathepsins D and E. Peptstatin A is highly selective and is often used in a mixture with other enzyme inhibitors. In vitro studies have shown pepstatin A is the only aspartic acid inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory effects on HIV proteases.

Pepstatin A is effective at inhibiting most affected proteases at a concentration of 1μM, but can inhibit pepsin at the picomolar range of concentrations. It is believed to function by way of a collected-substrate inhibition mechanism. Pepstatin A may also suppress differentiation of osteoclasts by inhibiting phosphorylation of MAP kinase and inhibiting NFATc1 expression.

Perylene is a polycyclic hydrocarbon. When used as a dye perylene displays a blue fluorescence, making it useful as a lipid probe in cytochemistry. It is also used in peroxyoxalate luminescence and has the strongest chemiluminescent response out of the fluorophores used. Perylene also forms the basis for the synthesis of several other dyes such as vat red 29.

Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) is a non-ELR type of CXC chemokine. PF4 is expressed primarily in megakaryocytes and platelets, but it is also seen in a variety of other cells as well. It is released from alpha granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation and binds to heparin with high affinity, neutralizing the anticoagulant effect of heparin. Because of this coagulation-promoting activity, it is concluded that PF4 is involved in inflammation and would healing. PF4 binds to the integral membrane protein receptor CXCR3B, an alternatively spliced isoform of CXCR3. It participates in chemotaxis of neutrophils, fibroblasts, and monocytes.

Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) is a non-ELR type of CXC chemokine. PF4 is expressed primarily in megakaryocytes and platelets, but it is also seen in a variety of other cells as well. It is released from alpha granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation and binds to heparin with high affinity, neutralizing the anticoagulant effect of heparin. Knock-out mice exhibit increased platelets counts and reduced thrombus formation following vascular injury. PF4 binds to the integral membrane protein receptor CXCR3B, an alternatively spliced isoform of CXCR3. PF4 participates in chemotaxis of neutrophils, fibroblasts, and monocytes.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

The pGL3 BRE Luciferase plasmid is designed to study the activity of the BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) signaling pathway by monitoring transcriptional responses to BMP signaling. The BRE (BMP Response Element) in this plasmid is a specific DNA sequence that is activated by the BMP pathway's SMAD transcription factors.

The pGL3 BRE Luciferase plasmid is a synthetic plasmid obtained from a third party and its sequence has been confirmed at GoldBio.

The pGL3-RARE-luciferase plasmid is designed to study the activity of the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway, specifically focusing on transcriptional regulation through Retinoic Acid Response Elements (RAREs). This plasmid is used to monitor the transcriptional activity that is mediated by the binding of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to RAREs in response to retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A that plays critical roles in cell differentiation, development, and metabolism.

The pGL3-RARE Luciferase plasmid is a synthetic plasmid obtained from a third party and its sequence has been confirmed at GoldBio.