Ampicillin/sulbactam (2:1) is a broad-spectrum combination of a β-lactam antibiotic with a β-lactamase inhibitor. It is used for in vitro susceptibility tests in microbiology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies.

Ampicillin binds to the active site of penicillin binding proteins (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan cross-link formation of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of PBPs weakens the bacterial cell wall and leads to cell lysis. Sulbactam irreversibly inhibits β-lactamase enzymes generated by bacteria, preserving ampicillin activity and enhancing potency.

Amygdalin is a glucoside derived from almonds and apricot kernels. While it was originally suggested that amygdalin is an anticancer agent, it is avoided due to its cyanogenic properties. Upon being metabolized by β-glucosidase enzymes, amygdalin produces hydrogen cyanide, which is cytotoxic on tumor cells. Amygdalin is freely soluble in aqueous solution and is used to study cytotoxic effects of cyanide on cancer cells and can be useful in identification and analysis of maltases, emulsins, and β-glucosidases.

Anisomycin is an antifungal produced by Streptomyces griseolus. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis in certain eukaryotic cells. Anisomycin inhibits peptidyl transferase activity in the 60s subunit of the 80s ribosome.

Anisomycin has been shown to promote apoptosis in promyelocytic leukemia cells, Jurkat cells, ventricular monocytes, and colon adenocarcinoma cells. Additionally, anisomycin is a JNK agonist and activates MAP kinases. It is a useful antiprotozoal agent.

Anthrone is an aromatic keytone and used as a reagent in many different organic molecules because of its cyclic nature. It can be used in the detection of carbohydrates and other complex sugars using the anthrone method, which uses the intensity of its blue color in solution to quantify the amount of sugar present.

Apramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic useful against gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella species. It is used to study antibiotic resistance and protein synthesis translocation inhibition. Apramycin sulfate is freely soluble.

Aprotinin is a monomeric globular polypeptide derived from bovine lung tissue. It consists of a chain of 58 amino acids that fold into a stable, compact tertiary structure of the 'small SS-rich" type, containing 3 disulfides, a twisted β-hairpin and a C-terminal α-helix.

Aprotinin inhibits several serine proteases, specifically trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and kallikrein. Its action on kallikrein leads to the inhibition of the formation of factor XIIa. Binding is reversible with most aprotinin-protease complexes dissociating at pH >10 or < 3. Aprotinin is freely soluble in water (>10 mg/ml) as well as low ionic strength aqueous buffers.

Arachidoyl-DL-carnitine chlorideEicosanoyl-DL-carnitine chloride

AREG (Amphiregulin) is an EGF related growth factor containing 6 conserved cysteine residues, which form 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It was originally isolated from the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line and is expressed in numerous carcinoma cell lines, as well as the epithelial cells of various human tissues including colon, stomach, breast, ovary, and kidney. AREG participates in autocrine signaling and binds to an EGF/TGF-α receptor, stimulating growth of keratinocytes, epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. It also inhibits the growth of certain carcinoma cell lines. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and the ectodomain is cleaved by a protease to release the mature protein. Overexpression of AREG produces a cutaneous phenotype resembling psoriasis.

Artesunate is a synthetic compound that is highly employed for its anti-malarial capabilities and is currently studied for its applications in oncology research and surgical procedures. In anti-malarial studies, it has been shown to disrupt EXP1 activity, which is a glutathione transferase responsible for cell detoxification in Plasmodium falciparum. Artesunate activity has been shown to be enhanced when co-administered with amodiaquine HCl.

In oncology research, Artesunate is used to arrest cancer growth in the G2/M phase and upregulate proteins p21 and Beclin1. These proteins are mainly related to apoptosis with p21 being a regulator of the process and Beclin1 playing a role in cell death by autophagy. Artesunate has also been shown to form an endoperoxide bridge which generates carbon radicals that dismantle the cell. However, the observed radical formation is dose and time dependent.

Artesunate has been shown to provide organ damage reduction in rats exposed to hemorrhagic shock. Administration of ART occurred after resuscitation and did not function as a preventative. Artesunate operates by decreasing cell apoptosis through protein kinase B (PKB) stimulation and glycogen synthase kinase inhibition. Cell survival is also enhanced by nuclear factor kappa B (NfkB) suppression, diminishing proinflammatory cytokine synthesis.

Asunaprevir is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme serine protease NS3 in hepatitis C viruses (HCV) and is currently in phase III clinical trials. This enzyme’s C terminal functions as a helicase for host DNA allowing access for viral manipulation. Asunaprevir is used in tandem with ribavirin and other direct or indirect acting antiviral compounds results in a thorough eradication of HCV.

GoldBio’s Auxo-Agro® competent cells are methionine auxotrophic strains of Agrobacterium which reduce overgrowth during the infection process while increasing plant transformation efficiency.

Our EHA105 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used in genetic transformation of tomato, tobacco and other plants. After transformation, antibiotics are commonly used to remove Agrobacterium. However, even in the presence of antibiotics, there can be overgrowth of the Agrobacterium strain which can create a more difficult experimental protocol. Auxo-Agro™ cells help to solve this problem when selection is performed in both minimal media without Methionine in combination with selective antibiotics, such as Timentin, Cefotaxime or Meropenem.

GoldBio’s EHA105 Agrobacterium chemically competent cells allow you to obtain high transformation efficiency in applications such as gDNA or cDNA library construction. Our EHA105 strain harbors a rifampicin resistance (rif) gene.

Product Specifications Competent cell type: Chemical Competent Species: A. tumefaciens Strain: EHA105∆Met Format: Tubes Transformation efficiency: ≥1 x 104 cfu/µg pCAMBIA1391z DNA Blue/white screening: No