CCL25 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed primarily by thymic dendritic cells and in small intestine tissue. CCL25 is chemotactic for thymocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as IgA antibody-secreting cells and is also a suppressor of myeloid progenitor cells. CCL25 is important for selective homing and retention of T-cells in the small intestine instead of the colon and is possibly involved in T-cell development. It also promotes migration of various types of cancer cells. CCL25 is a ligand for CCR9 and ACKR4.

CCL26 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed ubiquitously in various tissues and expression is induced in vascular endothelial cells by IL4 and IL13. CCL26 is chemotactic for normal peripheral blood eosinophils and basophils and is involved in activation of fibroblasts and eosinophils. CCL26 is a ligand for CCR3 and CX3CR1. It is also a natural antagonist for CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5.

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CCL27 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. As a result of alternative splicing, there are two isoforms of CCL27, each containing a different signal sequence. One variant is expressed in the skin and the placenta and is secreted, while the other is expressed in the testes and brain and targeted to the nucleus to participate in intracrine signaling. This recombinant murine CCL27 is a mature form that lacks a secretion signal sequence or a nuclear targeting sequence. Expression of CCL27 is upregulated by TNF-alpha and IL1B. CCL27 is chemotactic for CLA(+) T-cells and plays a role in T-cell migration in the skin. The intracrine isoform may play a role in cell migration as well by inducing cytoskeletal relaxation. CCL27 is a ligand for CCR10.

CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites such as salivary glands and colon and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for eosinophils, resting T cells, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. It also plays a role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Murine CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites such as salivary glands and colon and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for resting T-cells, eosinophils, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. Tumor hypoxia causes HIF1α induced expression of CCL28 and subsequent migration of T-cells, promoting tumor tolerance to antigens and angiogenesis. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

Rat CCL28 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in epithelial cells at mucosal sites, such as salivary glands and the colon, and expression is upregulated by proinflammatory stimuli such as IL1 and n-butyrate. CCL28 is chemotactic for resting T-cells, eosinophils, and IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). It is important for regulating IgA ASC accumulation in mammary glands and consequently the transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant. CCL28 displays antimicrobial activity in low-salt conditions against Candida albicans, gram-negative, and gram positive bacteria. CCL28 is a ligand for CCR10 and CCR3.

CCL3 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by T-cells, B-cells, and various tumor cells lines and has been identified as a G0/G1 switch gene in these cells. CCL3 plays an important role in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the acute inflammatory state, an inhibitory role in hematopoiesis, and displays inhibitory activity against strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. CCL3 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR4, and the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Murine CCL3 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by T-cells, B-cells, and various tumor cells lines and has been identified as a G0/G1 switch gene in these cells. CCL3 plays an important role in the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the acute inflammatory state, an inhibitory role in hematopoiesis, and displays inhibitory activity against strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. CCL3 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR4, and the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5. Activation of CCR5 through CCL3 activates a G-protein pathway through GNAI2 and a tyrosine phosphorylation through JAK2.

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CCl4 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed and secreted by T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and various tumor cells lines. Expression of CCL4 is induced by IL2 and mitogens, such as phytohemmagglutinin, LPS, and the peptidoglycan of S. aureus and expression is inhibited by glucocorticoids, TGF-beta, and cyclosporin A. CCL4 is an HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T-cells. It also binds to HSV-1 virions and generates pores in the envelope of HSV-1. CCL4 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR8, and ACKR2 (D6).

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Murine CCl4 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed and secreted by T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and various tumor cells lines. Expression of CCL4 is induced by IL2 and mitogens, such as phytohemmagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, and the peptidoglycan wall of S. aureus and expression is inhibited by glucocorticoids, TGF-beta, and cyclosporin A. CCL4 is an HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T-cells. It also binds to HSV-1 virions and generates pores in the envelope of HSV-1. CCL4 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR8, and ACKR2 (D6). Murine CCL4 is active on both human and murine hematopoietic cells.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!