Imidazole is a planar 5-membered ring. It is a highly polar, highly water soluble amphoteric compound. Imidazole is often used to elute tagged proteins bound to metal ions attached to the surface of beads in a chromatography column by displacing the His-tag from the metal ion and freeing the His-tagged proteins.

Imidazole is a planar 5-membered ring. It is a highly polar, highly water soluble amphoteric compound. Imidazole is often used to elute tagged proteins bound to metal ions attached to the surface of beads in a chromatography column by displacing the His-tag from the metal ion and freeing the His-tagged proteins.

Iminodiacetic acid is a dicarboxylic acid amine used to regulate peptide mobility through capillary electrophoresis. It forms complexes that are stronger than glycine but weaker than nitrilotriacetic acid.

Imipenem is a carbapenem β-lactam antibiotic with a broad target spectrum. It has been shown to be effective against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Imipenem has also been shown to be effective against bacteria from the genus Burkholderia. Resistance to imipenem is conferred through the loss of the OprD porin protein.

Ficin is a cysteine protease enzyme which is derived from the latex of fig trees with activity similar to other cysteine protease enzymes including endopeptidases, aminopeptidases, and dipeptidyl peptidases. Ficin cleaves mouse immunoglobulin G molecules (IgG1) in the hinge region. The concentration of cysteine changes how ficin cleaves IgG1. A F(ab’)2 fragment is formed in the presence of 1mM cysteine. The F(ab’)2 fragments are smaller than whole IgG molecules and better penetrate tissue for antigen recognition while avoiding unspecific binding to Fc receptors. In the presence of 10mM cysteine, two 2 Fab fragments are produced instead. F(ab) fragments block background from primary antibody binding, and block endogenous and exposed immunoglobulins and tissues in labeling experiments.

Immobilized Ficin Agarose Resin offers a convenient solution to the production of F(ab’)2 and Fab fragments while eliminating autolysis and protease contamination and the need to remove the enzymes following digestion. Fab and F(ab’)2 can be further separated from whole IgG with either Protein A Agarose Resin (GoldBio Product # P-400) or ion exchange chromatography.

Activity:1-1.5 mg ficin/ml of resin

Support: 6% Cross-linked Agarose

Storage/Handling: Shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store at 4°C, do NOT freeze.

Papain is a cysteine protease enzyme from papaya latex that has a wide variety of activities including endopeptidases, aminopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases and enzymes with both exo- and endo-peptidase activity. In particular, papain cleaves immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules near the hinge region of the antibody, resulting in three similar, ~50 kDa, fragments; an Fc domain and two monovalent Fab domains. This papain-digested antibody is therefore unable to promote agglutination, precipitation, opsonization or lysis. The Fc fragment can then be used to determine the specificity of the Fc receptors without any typical antigen binging interference while the Fab fragments can be used in immunohistochemical studies.

Pepsin, one of the principal digestion enzymes, breaks down proteins in to smaller peptides. It is most efficient in cleaving the peptide bonds between hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine. Pepsin readily cleaves immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules, generating F(ab’)2 fragments and small Fc peptide fragments. The smaller Fc fragments can be easily removed via gel filtration while the F(ab’)2 fragments can then be purified from any remaining, undigested IgG. The F(ab’)2 fragments are highly useful for research interests, being able to penetrate tissue better than standard IgG antibodies and facilitate better antigen recognition while avoiding unspecific binding to Fc receptors.

Immobilized Pepsin Agarose Resin is an efficient method for producing F(ab’)2 fragments from IgG molecules for antibody mimetic. Undigested IgG can be quickly removed with our Protein A Agarose Resin (GoldBio Catalog # P-400). Fc fragments can also be removed using a gel filtration system.

Resin: 6% Cross-linked Agarose

Shipping/Handling: Shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store at 4°C, do NOT freeze.

Pepstatin A is a competitive, reversible aspartic protease inhibitor which inhibits proteases such as pepsin, chymosin, renin, HIV proteases, and cathepsins D and E. Peptstatin A is highly selective and is often used in a mixture with other enzyme inhibitors. In vitro studies have shown pepstatin A is the only aspartic acid inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory effects on HIV proteases.

Trypsin is a serine protease that hydrolyses proteins which can be found in the digestive system. Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxy side of s-aminoethyl cysteine, arginine and lysine residues with very little or no cleavage at lysyl-proline and arginyl-proline bonds. This special cleaving activity yields peptides that are easily identified by mass spectrometry. Additionally, our Immobilized Trypsin is TPCK treated to deactivate interfering chymotrypsin, which can interfere with sequence analysis.

Indole-2-Carboxylic Acid is used in Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions and for the preparation of spirooxindole-pyrrolidones.

Indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is a reagent involved in the preparation of: CRTH2 receptor antagonists, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, and an anticancer agent against leukemia K562 cells.

Indole-3-acetyl-L-isoleucine is a conjugate of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and can be used as a plant growth regulator.