1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a phospholipid found in eukaryotes, but not most bacteria. It is used in lipid bilayer studies to analyze organelle and cell membranes. It’s also been used to study molecules in membranes, such as the interaction between DMPC and proteins in lab-constructed dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.

1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DMPE) is a lipid found in the cell membranes of bacteria and human nervous tissues. DMPE membranes are more viscous than phosphatidylcholine. It is assumed that due to the oxidative stress placed on cells from phosphatidylethanolamine-linked products that their presence in foods is responsible for diseases like cancer and diabetes.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a phospholipid and reagent used in chemical synthesis.

2-keto-D-gluconic acid is found in the carrageenan polysaccharide of Irish moss and can be used as a stabilizer in the storage of biological materials. 2-keto-D-gluconic acid exhibits antimicrobial properties against species of Pseudomonas that cause plant disease. Genes for metabolism of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid are controlled by the UxuR regulon in E. coli. 2-keto-D-gluconic acid is converted to D-mannonate by the enzyme fructuronate reductase (EC 1.1.1.57). 2-keto-D-gluconic acid hemicalcium salt can be used to make D-erythorbic acid using an α-amylase enzyme. It can also be used to prepare D-ribulose and D-arabinose by heating in pyridine with a nickel acetate catalyst.

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside (comprising a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule) and neurotransmitter that can act as the preferred agonist at adenosine A receptor subtypes. The function of adenosine is primarily for cytoprotection and for preventing tissue damage in response to stress or injury.

Adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) plays an important role in cellular metabolic processes as it is a precursor to adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP).

The phosphate in AMP can be correlated with ATP and ADP. AMP contains only one phosphate group attached at the 5’ position, whereas ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached in series to the 5’carbon location, and ADP contains two phosphate groups attached to the 5’ position. AMP can also have an activating effect on a class of protein kinases known as AMP-activated protein kinases, or AMPKs.

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule in vivo for energy storage and metabolism and is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP is a coenzyme in multiple reactions as well as a substrate for multiple kinases where it helps to propagate a signal either inside or outside of the cell.

The three phosphates in ATP can be correlated with ADP and AMP. ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached in series to the 5’carbon location, whereas ADP contains two phosphate groups attached to the 5’ position, and AMP contains only one phosphate group attached at the 5’ position.

Adonitol, also known as ribitol, is the reduced alcohol form of ribose. Adonitol is found in plants of the genus Adonis, from which the molecule takes its name. It is a component of teichoic acids found in the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria. Adonitol is also a moiety present in riboflavin (vitamin B2). Adonitol is commonly used in media for cryopreservation and lyophilization of cells. It is metabolized by some microbes, but not others so an adonitol fermentation test can be used to help identify an unknown microbial organism.

Bovine Gamma Globulin (BGG) is a versatile and high-purity product derived from the immune system of bovines. BGG is primarily used in the production of vaccines, serums, diagnostic reagents, and medical treatments. BGG serves as a passive blocker to reduce non-specific binding and mitigate heterophilic antibody interference in assays, making it a valuable tool in both research and diagnostic applications. Its effectiveness can be optimized by tailoring blocking conditions to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and comparing results against appropriate controls.

Bovine Gamma Globulin is widely used in research to study protein-rich hyaluronan solutions affecting artificial articular joints, detect immunoglobulin G in bovine colostrum and milk using SPR-immunoassays, and investigate immunotolerance mechanisms. Its biochemical and physiological properties are closely aligned with those of human serum components, as demonstrated by advanced analytical techniques such as chromatography and electrophoresis.

GoldBio BGG is manufactured in a closed loop system to ensure consistent quality and reproducibility.

GoldBio’s Cohn Analog BSA is a highly purified, lyophilized “Fraction V” bovine serum albumin designed for sensitive applications in cell culture, microbial culture, reproductive biology, and molecular biology. Derived from the plasma of USDA-inspected healthy animals in U.S.-based facilities, this lyophilized “Fraction V” powder is produced using a proprietary, non-solvent procedure, including membrane dialysis, filtration, and a modified Cohn/heat-shock procedure, to inactivate proteases and minimize analytes.

GoldBio Cohn Analog BSA is free of carbohydrates and suitable for applications such as Western blotting, enzyme systems, protein standards, hybridizations, and protease-sensitive immunoassays. Our BSA is protease-free and low-interference, consisting of high purity with low backgrounds. Cohn Analog BSA offers a superior performance for enhancing growth and maintaining consistency in demanding workflows making it the reliable choice for both standard and sensitive molecular biology experiments.