Mupirocin lithium salt is a carboxylic acid isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens. When at lower concentrations, it exhibits bacteriostatic properties, while exhibiting bactericidal properties at higher concentrations. It targets gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Mupirocin lithium salt has been used to study mupirocin resistance in Mycoplasma bacteria.

Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant reagent that inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, preventing the de novo synthesis of GMP (Guanosine monophosphate). MPA has been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antitumor properties and is commonly used for the selection of rat or mouse cells that have been modified to express the E. coli gene for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.

Myo-Inositol is a vitamin added to promote growth in plant cell culture media. It can also be used to differentiate organisms based on metabolic properties. Myo-inositol is a component of membrane phospholipids.

N-acetylindoxyl is a hydroxyindole. It is a reactant, along with oxygen, in a chemical reaction catalyzed with the enzyme Acetylindoxyl oxidase. This produces N-acetylisatin, which is a metabolite in the pathway of tryptophan.

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine is an amino sugar and component of many O-linked and N-linked glycan structures. It is a derivative of galactose used to form the antigen for the A blood group. It is a required compound for intercellular communication in the nervous system.

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) is a specific substrate for the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid, the essential precursor of bacterial capsular polysialic acid (PA). N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used for the synthesis of sialic acid. It is also a synthetic intermediate for a number of carbohydrate-derived families of biologically active compounds and pharmaceutical candidates. It is studied for its effect on capsular polysialic acid production.

N-Acetyl-L-carnosine, or N-Acetylcarnosine (abbreviated NAC) is a dipeptide. It is similar to carnosine but more resistant to carnosinase degradation thanks to the addition of an acetyl group.

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, or N-acetylcysteine (abbreviated NAC) is an acid derivative of L-cysteine capable of reducing free radicals and complexing palladium, helping it dissolve in water. Biofilms of certain pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae are broken down by NAC, giving it bactericidal properties.

Aceturic acid (N-Acetylglycine) is used is in the biological research of peptidomimetics. It is used as the blocking agent of the N-terminus to prepare unnatural and unusual amino acids and amino acid analogs as well as to modify peptides. N-Substituted glycine analogs are widely used in peptidomimetics and drug research.