N-acetylneuraminic acid is an N-acyl derivative of neuraminic or acid amino sugar derivative, derived from N-acetylmannosamine and pyruvic acid. It is an important constituent of glycoproteins and glycolipids. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria.

N-alpha-Benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride is a substrate useful for trypsin determination. It also has a vasodilatory property in rat pulmonary artery and lung tissues.

The primary attribute of DDM is its capability to extract hydrophobic proteins while maintaining the solution-phase protein conformation. DDM also allows the protein to be reformed following denaturization. Most membrane-bound proteins are α-helix bundles, which are less robust to changes in their cellular environment. DDM offers a detergent capable of preserving these proteins. This is in contrast to other, harsher ionic detergents that destabilize and permanently denature α-helical membrane-bound proteins. DDM has been used to solubilize the multidrug-transporter protein, EmrE, as well as the nucleoside-specific porin protein, Tsx.

n-Dodecyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a sugar based detergent and reagent for chemical synthesis.

N-gamma-Hydroxy-L-arginine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine. Arginase is inhibited by N-gamma-Hydroxy-L-arginine, as is the cell proliferation of MDA-MB-468 cancer cells.

Chromogenic substrate for beta-D-galactosidase, yielding a green precipitate upon cleavage

N-Succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine 4-nitroanilide is a colorimetric substrate for peptidyl prolyl isomerase, chymotrypsin and human leukocyte cathepsin G.