CCL13 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Expression of CCL13 is induced by IL6 in primary synovial fibroblasts and activates the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells, contributing to the destruction of joints in rheumatoid arthritis. CCL13 is chemotactic for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It stimulates histamine release from basophils and is a biomarker for asthma. CCL13 is a ligand for CCR2B, CCR3, and the viroceptor M3.

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CCL14 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in plasma at high levels, and in spleen, liver, muscle, gut, and bone marrow tissue at lower levels. CCL14 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and enzyme release in monocytes. It also enhances proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells that express CD34. CCL14 is a ligand for CCR1. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL14 [9-74]. This natural variant causes a change in intracellular calcium levels in and is chemotactic for T-cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. It also inhibits HIV-1 isolates and is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5.

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CCL14 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in plasma at high levels, and in spleen, liver, muscle, gut, and bone marrow tissue at lower levels. CCL14 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and enzyme release in monocytes. It also enhances proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells that express CD34. CCL14 is a ligand for CCR1. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL14 [3-74].

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CCL15 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It is often proteolytically processed in to smaller chains that are more potent as chemoattractants. CCL15 is expressed in liver, intestine, colon, and lung tissue. It is chemotactic for monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. CCL15 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and a release of enzymes in monocytes. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as CCR3 to an extent. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL15 (25-92) and is 100-fold more potent as a chemoattractant than the non-truncated form. CCL15 (25-92) also plays a role in mediating angiogenesis.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL15 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It is often proteolytically processed in to smaller chains that are more potent as chemoattractants. CCL15 is expressed in liver, intestine, colon, and lung tissue. It is chemotactic for monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. CCL15 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and a release of enzymes in monocytes. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as CCR3 to an extent. CCL15 is most similar in sequence to CCL23.

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CCL16 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed at highest levels in liver tissue and monocytes, and at lower levels in spleen, thymus, and some lymphocytes. Expression of CCL16 is induced by IFNG, LPS, and IL10. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, induces a change in intracellular calcium levels of monocytes, and inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. It is a weak ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR8, and histamine receptor H4.

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CCL17 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in the thymus and lymph nodes and transiently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that have been induced by phytogemagglutinin. It is chemotactic for T-cells and plays a role in T-cell development, trafficking, and activation. CCL17 is a ligand for CCR4, CCR8, and the erythrocyte receptor ACKR1.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

CCL17 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in the thymus and lymph nodes and transiently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that have been induced by phytogemagglutinin. It is chemotactic for T-cells and plays a role in T-cell development trafficking, and activation. CCL17 promotes atherosclerosis by restricting the maintenance of regulatory T-cells, thereby limiting their expansion. It is a ligand for CCR4, CCR8, and the erythrocyte receptor ACKR1.

Rat CCL17 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in the thymus and lymph nodes and transiently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that have been induced by phytogemagglutinin. CCL17 is chemotactic for T-cells and plays a role in T-cell development, trafficking, and activation. It promotes atherosclerosis by regulating homeostasis of regulatory T-cells, thereby limiting their expansion. CCL17 is a ligand for CCR4, CCR8, and the erythrocyte receptor ACKR1.

CCL18 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed constitutively in lung tissues and transiently in alveolar macrophages and follicular dendritic cells induced by IL4, IL10, IL13, LPS, or PMA. Expression of CCL18 is inhibited by IFNG. CCL18 is chemotactic for activated T-lymphocytes, non-activated lymphocytes, and basophils and likely plays a role in initiation of immune responses. It is a ligand for CCR8 and GPER1.

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CCL19 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed by dendritic cells in lymph nodes, as well as in spleen and thymus tissue. Expression of CCL19 is upregulated by IFNG and TNF-alpha. CCL19 has shown to be chemotactic for T-cells and B-cells, as well as CFU granulocyte macrophages. It plays a role in mobilization of dendritic cells from the epidermis to lymph nodes and development of local lymphoid tissues. CCL19 is a ligand for CCR7 (EBI1), as well as the atypical chemokine receptors CCRL1 and CCRL2.

CCL2 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by monocytes, vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, glomerular mesangial cells, osteoblastic cells, and human pulmonary type 2-like epithelial cells. CCl2 expression is induced in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes by PHA, LPS, and IL1. It is chemotactic for monocytes and basophils and plays a role in recruiting macrophages and perpetuating inflammation in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. CCl2 is inhibited by insulin’s inhibitory effect on the activity of transcription factor NF-kappa-B. CCl2 is a ligand for CCR2 and CCR4.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!