Embelin is a benzoquinone derivative found in Ardisia japonica which is a plant native to eastern Asia. It is used as an anti-cancer compound as well as an anti-inflammatory. Embelin has also been exhibited anthelminthic properties against cestode parasites.

In oncology research, embelin has been used to disrupt X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) activity. Embelin binds the Baculovirus IAP Repeat 3 (BIR3) domain on XIAP and subsequently disrupts apoptosis regulation. Inactivation of BIR3 allows proteins caspase-9 and Diablo homologs/Smac proteins to freely promote apoptotic pathways.

Embelin has also been used to quell inflammatory responses by inhibiting eicosanoid synthesis.It has been shown that embelin targets eicosanoid synthesizing proteins 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (MPGES). Embelin has also been shown to disrupt eicosanoid synthesis through XIAP suppression.

Emodin is a compound used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. It has been shown that emodin suppresses inflammatory responses in vitro by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein complexes. This effect occurs from emodin binding and preserving an inhibitory subunit on NF-κB.

Emodin has also been shown to induce apoptosis in mouse neuroectodermal tumors both in vivo and in vitro. Cell death is induced by inhibiting protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), a regulator of cell growth. Constraining PTK activity prevents further cell development which signals an apoptotic cascade.

GoldBio'sFPLC column is a single use product suitable for FPLC and ÄKTA design™ chromatography systems. It is recommended to work with approximately 8 ml of packed bead bed volume. The package contains 1-3 columns (depending on size), 3-9 frits (polyethylene frit with a nominal pore size of 12 µm), and 2-6 caps. The FPLC column parts are made of polypropylene which shows excellent chemical resistance to most of the commonly used reagents.

Enoxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic compound that is markedly effective against gram negative bacteria. It has been used to study fluoroquinolone cross-resistence in Escehria coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Enoxacin is structurally related to nalidixic acid and inhibits DNA gyrase in bacteria.

Fluoroquinolones are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit DNA synthesis. These antibiotics prevent unwinding of double-stranded DNA by binding DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase. By preventing the formation of single-stranded DNA, fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial replication.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Enramycin is a polypeptide antibiotic that displays strong activity against gram positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is produced by the fungus Streptomyces fungicidus as Enramycin A (EA) and Enramycin B (EB), with this product containing an approximate 70:30 ratio of EA to EB. Enramycin has been effective against antibiotic resistant bacteria by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis for bacterial cell walls.

Enramycin has been proposed to halt peptidoglycan synthesis by inhibiting transferase enzyme MurG or by inhibiting transglycosylase activity. Both inhibitory pathways entail enramycin binding to peptidoglycan precursors in a cell wall synthesis pathway. Some studies have shown that enramycin binds the precursor Lipid I and inhibits MurG. Enramycin has also been shown to bind the Lipid II and prevent transglycosylation of the precursor by tranglycosylases.

Antibiotics are often used in clinical in vitro tests known as antimicrobial susceptibility tests or ASTs to determine their efficacy against certain bacterial species. They are tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria using panels, discs, and MIC strips by medical microbiologists. ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections.

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some Mycoplasma species. It has been useful in researching resistance to quinolones in Salmonella enterica, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and E. coli.

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some Mycoplasma species. It has been useful in researching resistance to quinolones in Salmonella enterica, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and E. coli. It is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Eosin Y is a popular dye used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as well as a tissue and vital stain. It is used as a counterstain to hematoxylin in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, one of the principal stains in histology for cancer diagnosis. It stains proteins in the cytoplasm along with collagen and muscle fibers. In other applications, when combined with silica nanoparticles it can be part of a fluorophore for a peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system.

EPGN is a member of the epidermal growth factor family and expression has been seen in several tissues, including the testis, liver, heart and certain tumor cells. It is a strong mitogen for fibroblasts and epithelial cells but has low affinity for its main receptor, ErbB1. The enhanced mitogenic potential is attributed to inefficient receptor ubiquitylation and endocytosis. EPGN stimulates phosphorylation of c- erbB-1 and MAP kinases in epithelial cells. The protein contains a conserved sequence of six cysteine residues and two N-linked glycosylation sites, with two hydrophobic regions comprised of a signal sequence and a transmembrane domain. Alternative splicing of the EPGN gene results in multiple isoforms.

Epibrassinolide is a plant steroid hormone of the brassinosteroid family. Its functions include protection from environmental stressors and altering the metabolism under a variety of conditions. Epibrassinolide has been shown to decrease toxicity and stimulate healthy plant growth in plants under stress.

EGCG has been shown to have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram positive and some gram negative bacteria. It is used synergistically with penicillin binding protein inhibitors because both target peptidoglycan on the cell wall. While the exact mechanism is not known, research on EGCG activity indicates bacterial cell wall damage by direct peptidoglycan binding.

EREG is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and is expressed mainly in the placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as in certain carcinomas of the bladder, lung, kidney, and colon. EREG stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Additionally, it inhibits the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. EREG is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and the ectodomain is cleaved by a protease to release the mature protein. The mature protein can bind to EGFR, as well as most members of the ERBB family of RTKs.