L-Lactic acid is the biologically active isomer of Lactic Acid. In animals, it is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. It can also be used to create biodegradable polymers.

L-Lactic acid is the optically active form of lactic acid and has an (S) stereochemical arrangement. Animals produce L-Lactate, conjugate base of lactic acid, from pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase in fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. Lactic acid bacteria perform lactic acid fermentation, converting carbohydrates to lactic acid. In humans, lactic acid and its conjugate base are part of many biological processes from prenatal development to extracellular fluid surrounding neurons.

Lactic acid is used in food preparation to produce specific types of beer and other alcoholic beverages. When used in the colon it prevents gastrointestinal fermentation, and in an 8% cream has been used on photodamaged skin. Polylactic acid can be formed when two molecules of lactic acid are dehydrated and then catalyzed into a plastic that is both biodegradable and not derived from petrochemicals. It is also used by detergent manufacturers due to its anti-bacterial properties, and can be used to produce water-soluble lactates from otherwise insoluble active ingredients.

L-Leucine 7-amido-4- methylcoumarin hydrochloride is used in leucine aminopeptidase assays as a fluorgenic substrate, showing greater sensitivity when compared to 4-methoxynapthylamide assays. Aside from the leucine aminopeptidase enzyme, L-Leucine 7-amido-4- methylcoumarin hydrochloride also works as a fluorogenic subtsrate for broad specificity aminopeptidases, such as aminopeptidase M.

The result of enzymatic activity yields a bright blue fluorescent dye: 7-amino-4methylcoumarin (excitation 380nm emission 440nm).

Leucine aminopeptidase enzymes are found across a wide range of organisms including bacteria, plants and animals, and it has been detected in human tissues, with high activity observed in the kidney and liver.

L-Leucine beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride is a substrate for leucine aminopeptidase and similar aminopeptidases like aminopeptidase M. It is analyzed by fluorescence analysis or coupled with a coupling reagent like p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde to form a colored precipitate.

Tested and Certified for in vivo imaging (See "Luciferin FAQ" in additional information)

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg2+ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of Luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.

L-Luciferin is the chiralic sister to D-luciferin. While most researchers claim that L-luciferin does not produce any light, Lembert has reported that it produces a very weak and extremely slow manifesting light (Lembert, 1996). Nakamura suggested that an enzyme system incorporating luciferase might be responsible for changing the chirality of the L-luciferin to D-luciferin (Nakamura et al., 2006) (See Reference Library).

L-Lysyl-L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin is used as an AMC fluorogenic substrate.

L-Malic acid, disodium salt is a dicarboxylic acid used to differentiate microorganisms based on their varying metabolic properties. It is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle and an intermediate of the citric acid cycle.

Methionine functions as a reagent and with metals in non-biological applications, L-methionine in particular has been used with metals to form photosensitizers and ligands for transition metal catalyzed bond forming reactions. [11C]L-Methionine has also been used in Positron Emission Tomography of brain tumors for diagnostic purposes.

Methionine is an alpha amino acid used in protein synthesis. In human beings methionine is a vital amino acid not synthesized in the human body and must therefore be ingested. Methionine in the human body is used to improve skin elasticity and tone, tissue growth and repair, and keratin systems such as hair and nails. As a detoxifying agent methionine chelates heavy metals, while the sulfur in it protects cells. L-Methionine is an enantiomerically active amino acid used in the body.

L-Rhamnose monohydrate is a deoxy sugar in plants and bacteria. It is a component of plant cell walls that helps maintain structure.