Kuromanin chloride is an anthocyanin neuroprotectant and antioxidant. It is found in the fruits of several plants and is shown to protect neurons from oxidative stress. Additionally, kuromanin chloride is an ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38 inhibitor, ultimately suppressing the metabolism of NAD+ and NADP+.

Magnesium sulfate, heptahydrate is a magnesium ion source. Magnesium plays an important role in cell muscle physiology, cardiovascular and muscular activity and nucleic acid structure. Magnesium also functions as a cofactor for restriction enzymes like EcoR I and EcoR V, as well as deoxyribonuclease (DNase).

Magnesium sulfate, heptahydrate can also be used in the protocol for the isolation of chromosomes or nucleic acids.

Molybdic acid is a compound used to help visualize molecules without damaging the samples via cryo-negative staining.

Molybdic Acid Sodium Salt Dihydrate, ACS Grade is a molybdate source useful in fertilizers. It is also an inhibitor of a variety of receptors and a stabilizer of progesterone and androgen receptors. Molybdic acid sodium salt has been shown to reversibly inhibit estrogen receptor activation.

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) is a specific substrate for the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid, the essential precursor of bacterial capsular polysialic acid (PA). N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used for the synthesis of sialic acid. It is also a synthetic intermediate for a number of carbohydrate-derived families of biologically active compounds and pharmaceutical candidates. It is studied for its effect on capsular polysialic acid production.

Orcinol is a phenolic compound occurring in lichens. It is used in the detection of pentoses as part of Bial’s reagent, which forms a green product upon reaction.

Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound that has many biological and biochemical applications. Potassium iodide is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic situations. Potassium iodide is also used to isolate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), inhibit active oxygen and to quench fluorescent substances. Additionally, it is used as a chaotropic agent a (at high concentrations) to dissolve a gel matrix and can be used in DNA recovery from gel slides by gel dissolution.

Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine, in turn, attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. The polyamines, of which putrescine is one of the simplest, appear to be growth factors necessary for cell division.

Sodium glucuronate is a sugar derived carboxylic acid involved in glucuronidation, where glucuronic acid is bonded to a molecule, which allows for transport since glucuronate is highly water-soluble. This allows for the delivery of drugs or the removal of toxins from cells. It is used to increase cell toxin removal and to increase drug or hormone delivery to cells. and is one of the precursors to vitamin C.