CCL11 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in dermal fibroblasts. Expression of CCL11 is induced by IL1A and TNFA and inhibited by IFNG. It is strongly and selectively chemotactic for eosinophils and induces a calcium flux response in eosinophils; thus it is involved in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL11 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and ACKR2 (D6).

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Murine CCL11 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in fibroblasts, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and dendritic cells. Expression of CCL11 is upregulated by several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL1A and TNFA, and is inhibited by IFNG. It is strongly and selectively chemotactic for eosinophils and induces a calcium flux response in eosinophils. CCL11 is involved in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL11 is a ligand primarily for CCR3, but also CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and ACKR2 (D6).

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Rat CCL11 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in fibroblasts, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and dendritic cells. Expression of CCL11 is upregulated by several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL1A and TNFA, and is inhibited by IFNG. CCL11 is strongly and selectively chemotactic and activating for eosinophils and is involved in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. It also plays a role in angiogenesis and tumor growth. CCL11 is a ligand primarily for CCR3, but also CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and ACKR2 (D6).

CCL11 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, the first two of which are adjacent. It is expressed in dermal fibroblasts. Expression of CCL11 is induced by IL1A and TNFA and inhibited by IFNG. It is strongly and selectively chemotactic for eosinophils and induces a calcium flux response in eosinophils. CCL11 induces angiogenesis and endothelial cell sprouting from aortic rings in the absence of an eosinophil and has been implicated to be involved in a variety of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases. CCL11 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and ACKR2 (D6).

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Murine CCL12 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed by macrophages and in lymph nodes and thymus tissue. Expression of CCL12 is upregulated after hypoxia and during bacterial infection and allergic inflammation. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood monocytes and fibrocytes and may play a critical role in the early stages of inflammation, as well as in joint and growth plate development. CCL12 is a ligand for CCR2.

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CCL13 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Expression of CCL13 is induced by IL6 in primary synovial fibroblasts and activates the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells, contributing to the destruction of joints in rheumatoid arthritis. CCL13 is chemotactic for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It stimulates histamine release from basophils and is a biomarker for asthma. CCL13 is a ligand for CCR2B, CCR3, and the viroceptor M3.

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CCL14 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in plasma at high levels, and in spleen, liver, muscle, gut, and bone marrow tissue at lower levels. CCL14 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and enzyme release in monocytes. It also enhances proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells that express CD34. CCL14 is a ligand for CCR1. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL14 [9-74]. This natural variant causes a change in intracellular calcium levels in and is chemotactic for T-cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. It also inhibits HIV-1 isolates and is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5.

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CCL14 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, of which the first two are adjacent. It is expressed in plasma at high levels, and in spleen, liver, muscle, gut, and bone marrow tissue at lower levels. CCL14 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and enzyme release in monocytes. It also enhances proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells that express CD34. CCL14 is a ligand for CCR1. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL14 [3-74].

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CCL15 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It is often proteolytically processed in to smaller chains that are more potent as chemoattractants. CCL15 is expressed in liver, intestine, colon, and lung tissue. It is chemotactic for monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. CCL15 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and a release of enzymes in monocytes. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as CCR3 to an extent. This recombinant protein is N-terminally truncated CCL15 (25-92) and is 100-fold more potent as a chemoattractant than the non-truncated form. CCL15 (25-92) also plays a role in mediating angiogenesis.

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CCL15 is a chemokine containing six conserved cysteine residues that form three disulfide bonds essential for biological activity. It is often proteolytically processed in to smaller chains that are more potent as chemoattractants. CCL15 is expressed in liver, intestine, colon, and lung tissue. It is chemotactic for monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. CCL15 causes a change in intracellular calcium levels and a release of enzymes in monocytes. It is a ligand for CCR1, as well as CCR3 to an extent. CCL15 is most similar in sequence to CCL23.

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CCL16 is a chemokine containing four conserved cysteine residues, two of which are adjacent. It is expressed at highest levels in liver tissue and monocytes, and at lower levels in spleen, thymus, and some lymphocytes. Expression of CCL16 is induced by IFNG, LPS, and IL10. It is chemotactic for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, induces a change in intracellular calcium levels of monocytes, and inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. It is a weak ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR8, and histamine receptor H4.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!