Neuritin (NRN1) is a GPI-anchored neurotrophic factor, which is expressed in response to induction of neuronal activity by GDNF, BDNF, NT3 and other neural stimulators. It promotes neurite outgrowth and especially branching of neuritic processes in primary hippocampal and cortical cells. NRN1 also promotes angiogenesis. During early brain development, NRN1 inhibits apoptosis of cortical progenitors by preventing activation of caspase 3. Recombinant human neuritin is a covalently disulfide-linked homodimer, consisting of two 9.7 kDa polypeptide monomers, each containing 88 amino acid residues.

Neurotrophin 4 (NTF4), also known as NT5, is a member of the NGF family of neuronal and epithelial growth factors. Neurotrophins have six conserved cysteine residues that are involved in the formation of three disulfide bonds. Human NT4 shares 48 - 52% amino acid sequence identity with human β-NGF, BDNF and NT3. It shares 91% and 95% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat NT4/5, respectively. The protein is secreted as a homodimer and can also form heterodimers with BDNF or NT3. NT4 binds and induces receptor dimerization and activation of TrkB and promotes the development and survival of selected peripheral and CNS neurons. NT4 induced TrkB signaling augments NMDA receptor activity and increases neuronal sensitivity to excitotoxic cell death. NT4 is secreted by activated T cells and granulocytes and contributes to tissue regeneration at inflammation sites.

Nystatin is a fungicidal and fungistatic polyene antifungal targeting Candida species, especially those responsible for vaginal infections. It functions by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and increasing cell membrane permeability, ultimately leading to fungal cell death. Nystatin has been used in combination with erythromycin and streptomycin in cell culture to eliminate fungal contamination.

Octylglucoside is a nonionic, mild detergent used to isolate membrane proteins in the native state. It can easily be removed during final extractions by dialysis.

Characteristics that contribute to this detergent’s usefulness are its water solubility, chemical structure and small-sized micelles.

Octylglucoside also provides higher resolution of proteins in 2D electrophoresis.

Octylthioglucoside is a nonionic detergent that has been used to isolate membrane proteins without inactivation. This product is effective in a variety of protein solubilization and cell lysis processes. And detergents of this nature are ideal when studying the conformation and structure of proteins because the secondary and tertiary structures remain intact.

Compared to octylglucoside, octylthioglycoside is more stable. And it is stable in aqueous solution and easily removed by dialysis. This product is intended for use as a detergent to solubilize membrane-bound proteins in their native state.

Ofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is an analog of nalidixic acid.

GoldBIo Orange 6x DNA Loading Dye is pre-mixed buffer for tracking the DNA sample during the electrophoresis on agarose or polyacrylamide gels. It contains one dye (Orange G) for tracking the DNA migration.

The Orange G migrates at approximately 50 bp on a standard 1% TAE agarose gel (30 bp on 2% TAE agarose gel). The included glycerol keeps the DNA at the bottom of the well and the presence of EDTA chelates divalent metal ions to prevent the process of metal-dependent nuclease.

Composition

• 0.15% Orange G
• 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)
• 60% glycerol
• 60mM EDTA

Orcinol is a phenolic compound occurring in lichens. It is used in the detection of pentoses as part of Bial’s reagent, which forms a green product upon reaction.

Oxalacetic acid is an essential component of the Krebs cycle where it combines with acetyl-coenzyme A to yield citric acid. Thus, it is a necessary intermediate in the intercyclic pathway between the Embden-Meyerhof cycle and the Krebs cycle. The primary function of these cycles is for the production of energy, and the shunting out of these acids effectively slows the cycle down. Therefore, keto acids, such as pyruvate and oxalacetic, are frequently added to tissue culture media formulations to maintain maximum cell metabolism.

Oxolinic acid is a synthetic quinolone antibiotic targeting gram-negative bacteria, especially those responsible for causing urinary tract infections. It has also been reported to be effective against Burkholderia glumae, a bacteria causing grain rot, sheath rot, seedling rot, and bacterial panicle blight. It has been useful in studying transmissible resistance mechanisms of E. coli and S. enterica. It can be used to isolate Gardnerella vaginalis and as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor in neurological research.

Oxytetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic derived from Streptomyces rimosus. It targets gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and several Mycoplasma species. Oxytetracycline has been used to study its resistance gene, otrA and in fluorescence analysis of liver cells.

Additionally, oxytetracycline is used as a selective agent in OGYE, a selective medium for yeasts and molds. It has been used to prevent fire blight in apples and pears and has been shown to be a better alternative to streptomycin against fire blight disease.