Chlorimuron ethyl is a sulfonylurea organic compound used as an insulin enhancing compound and also for herbicide. Promotion of insulin release by chlorimuron ethyl occurs by inhibiting ATP-sensitive potassium channels, which depolarizes the cell membrane of β-islet pancreatic cells. Depolarization is followed by a large influx of calcium that signals the cell to exocytose insulin vesicles.

Chlorimuron ethyl has also been used to induce plant death by inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS). The enzyme ALS synthesized branched chain amino acids, such as valine and leucine, which are integral to forming key enzymes in photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. Scarcity of these vital amino acids leads to reactive oxygen species generation and diminished DNA synthesis.

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic natural product isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants, including the coffee bean. Chlorogenic acid is an important factor in plant metabolism. It is also an antioxidant and an inhibitor of the tumor promoting activity of phorbol esters. It has wide anti-virus and anti-bacterial effects. It can be used to differentiate bacteria based on the ability to hydrolyze chlorogenic acid.

Chlorophenol red beta-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) is a substrate that produces a dark red precipitate in the presence of β-galactosidase.

Chlorsulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide of broad-leaf plants that inhibits biosynthetic pathways of amino acids. Being a water soluble herbicide, chlorsulfuron has been studied to understand soil biodegradation rates and investigate new measuring techniques in order to prevent hazardous herbicide accumulation. It has also been used to examine cross-resistance and resistance inheritance in a variety of plants such as Sisymbrium orientale.

Chlorsulfuron specifically blocks biosynthesis of the amino acids valine and isoleucine, by inhibiting acetolactate synthase. This enzyme is the first enzyme that is specific to the synthesis of branched chain amino acids. Chlorsufluron is a noncompetitive enzyme that binds to the allosteric site and is specific to the enzyme itself and equally well to the enzyme-substrate complex.

Chlortetracycline, isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens, was the first tetracycline antibiotic discovered. It has shown the most efficacy against gram-positive organisms, but is also effective on a variety of gram-negative bacteria. Resistance to chlortetracycline arises from a loss of cell wall permeability.

Cholesteryl-cis-9-octadecenoate is used as a reagent in chemical synthesis. Cholesteryl-cis-9-octadecenoate is more commonly referred to as Cholesterol Oleate. It also is found as a metabolite in human, and mammalian systems.

Cholesteryl-phosphorylcholine is a reagent for chemical synthesis. It also functions like other Cholesterols in that it modulates membrane fluidity, allowing control of the cell membrane dependent on the concentration of Cholesteryl-phosphorylcholine in solution.

Choline chloride is an essential nutrient commonly found in eggs, chicken and a number of other foods. Choline chloride is soluble in aqueous solution at 3.7 mg/ml

Choline serves as a precursor component to two major cell membrane components: phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. In addition, choline also functions as a methyl group donor to several different substrates. Because of its role in normal cellular processes, choline chloride can be used as a cell culture media supplement.

Cidofovir dihydrate is an acyclic analog of deoxycytidine monophosphate that is used as an antiviral. It targets a wide range of DNA viruses including, Poxviridae, Papillomaviridae and a high degree of activity against cytomegaloviruses.

Cidofovir dihydrate interrupts viral proliferation by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. Host cell protein kinases phosphorylate cidofovir dihydrate to its active form cidofovir diphosphate. The active metabolite competes with deoxycytidine triphosphate for the viral DNA polymerase. Incorporation of Cidofovir diphosphate into the DNA strand halts synthesis and viral replication.

Ciprofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic targeting a broad-spectrum of bacteria and mycoplasma. It is nalidixic acid analog and has few known resistant strains. Ciprofloxacin is also effective as a plant fungicide and is sparingly soluble in water. GoldBio also offers a water soluble version, Ciprofloxacin HCl, for easier use in specific applications.