Colony Stimulating Factor 3 (CSF3), previously known as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by endotoxin, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Many cell types secreted this protein after LPS, IL-1 or TNFα activation, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, astrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells. Various carcinoma cell lines and myeloblastic leukemia cells can express CSF3 constitutively. CSF3 is cytokine that acts in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytesmacrophages. In addition it may function in some adhesion or recognition events at the cell surface.

CX3CL1 is a chemokine that is unlike most chemokines because it contains the C-X-X-X-C motif. It is expressed by neurons, endothelial cells, follicular dendritic cells, and some lymphocytes. Expression of CX3CL1 is induced by activation of the transcription factor NFKB1 through IFNG, IL1B, TNF, or LPS. CX3CL1 is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes and plays a role in angiogenesis, as well as regulation of leukocyte traffic at the endothelium. It also functions as a survival factor for microglial cells. CX3CL1 is a ligand for CX3CR1 as well as virus-encoded receptors M3 and US28.

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Murine CX3CL1 is a chemokine that is unlike most chemokines because it contains the C-X-X-X-C motif. It is expressed by neurons, endothelial cells, follicular dendritic cells, and some lymphocytes. Expression of CX3CL1 is induced by activation of the transcription factor NFKB1 through IFNG, IL1B, TNF, or LPS. CX3CL1 is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes and plays a role in angiogenesis, as well as regulation of leukocyte traffic at the endothelium. It also functions as a survival factor for microglial cells. Knock-out mice lacking the CX3CL1 gene appear nearly indistinguishable from wild-type mice, except for a decrease in leukocytes expressing surface marker F4/80. CX3CL1 is a ligand for CX3CR1 as well as virus-encoded receptors M3 and US28.

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Rat CX3CL1 is a chemokine that is unlike most chemokines because it contains the C-X-X-X-C motif. It is expressed by neurons, endothelial cells, follicular dendritic cells, and some lymphocytes. Expression of CX3CL1 is induced by activation of the transcription factor NFKB1 through IFNG, IL1B, TNF, or LPS. CX3CL1 is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes and plays a role in angiogenesis, as well as regulation of leukocyte traffic at the endothelium. CX3CL1 expressed by neurons suppress microglia in order to protect neurons from damage caused by reactive molecules expressed by microglia. CX3CL1 is a ligand for CX3CR1 as well as virus-encoded receptors M3 and US28.

CXCL1 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by human melanoma cells and expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, keratinocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. CXCL1 participates in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL1 binds. CXCL1 inhibits embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration, suggesting a role in spinal cord development. It also plays a role in would healing, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. CXCL1 is believed to be the major inflammatory factor in recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis.

Murine CXCL1 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. First discovered in mouse fibroblasts, it is secreted by melanoma cells and expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, keratinocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. CXCL1 participates in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils. CXCL1 inhibits embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration, suggesting a role in spinal cord development. It also plays a role in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. CXCL1 is believed to be the major inflammatory factor in recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL1 binds.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Rat CXCL1 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. First discovered in mouse fibroblasts, it is secreted by melanoma cells and expressed by neutrophils, monocytes, keratinocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. CXCL1 participates in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils during inflammation. CXCL1 inhibits embryonic oligodendrocyte precursor migration, suggesting a role in spinal cord development. It also plays a role in would healing, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. CXCL1 is believed to be the major inflammatory factor in recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL1 binds.

CXCL10 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed in and secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types after induction by IFN-gamma. It is chemotactic for monocytes and T-cell lymphocytes. CXCL10 plays a role in angiostasis, inhibits bone marrow colony formation, and promotes T-cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Increased expression of CXCL10 and CXCR3 is also associated with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. CXCL10 also exhibits antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is closely related to CXCL9 and CXCL11, all three of which are ligands for CXCLR3.

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CXCL10 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is closely related to CXCL9 and CXCL11, all three of which are ligands for CXCLR3. CXCL10 is expressed in and secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types after induction by IFNG. CXCL10 is chemotactic for monocytes and T-cell lymphocytes. It plays a role in angiostasis, inhibits bone marrow colony formation, and promotes T-cell adhesion to endothelial cells. CXCL10 also exhibits antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Knock-out mice have immune system abnormalities, including defective proliferation of T–cells, resulting in increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease and viral infections. Increased expression of CXCL10 and CXCR3 is associated with autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

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Rat CXCL10 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed in and secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types transiently after induction by IFNG or constitutively after induction by oncogenic Ras. It is chemotactic for monocytes and T-cell lymphocytes. CXCL10 plays a role in angiostasis, inhibits bone marrow colony formation, and promotes T-cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Knock-out mice have immune system abnormalities, including defective proliferation of T–cells, resulting in increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease and viral infections. It is closely related to CXCL9 and CXCL11, all three of which are ligands for CXCLR3. Increased expression of CXCL10 and CXCR3 is associated with autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

CXCL10 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed in and secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types after induction by interferon gamma and may be an important mediator of inflammatory response to interferons. It is chemotactic for monocytes and T-cell lymphocytes. CXCL10 plays a role in angiostasis, inhibits bone marrow colony formation, and promotes T-cell adhesion to endothelial cells. CXCL10 also exhibits antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is closely related to CXCL9 and CXCL11, all three of which are ligands for CXCLR3.

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CXCL11 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, in pancreas and liver, as well as in several other tissues at lower levels. CXCL11 is strongly induced by interferon gamma and is closely related to CXCL9 and CXCL10, but has a higher affinity for CXCR3. CXCL11 also acts as a ligand for CXCR7. It is chemotactic for activated T-cells and plays a role in angiostasis, as well as CNS diseases that involve T-cell recruitment. CXCL11 also exhibits antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!