Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal isolated from Streptomyces species. While it has been suggested that Amphotericin B interacts with ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane leading to an altered cell membrane permeability and death, more recent studies show that the mechanism behind amphotericin B’s fungicidal activity is more complex. It is most effective against fungi and yeast and is often used against opportunistic fungal infections and leishmaniasis. Additionally, amphotericin B can be used to prevent growth of F. oxysporum in chickpea and P. triticina in wheat.

Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (CBBG) is a member of the Coomassie family and is used as a common analytical dye in SDS-PAGE and BN-PAGE. CBBG can also be used with the Bradford Method to determine protein concentration.

Cefsulodin is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic used as a selective agent in isolation media such as Yersinia Selective Agar, Columbia Blood Agar, Salmonella Chromogenic Agar, and CIN Agar. It is mildly effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but exhibits greater efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, cefsulodin is a substrate for the rat Oatp1a4 transporter.

Ampicillin sodium is a member of the extended-spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. It is used in the selection of antibiotic cell hybrids and has a high rate of action against many gram-negative bacterial strains. Ampicillin sodium targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. It has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation. Ampicillin Sodium is freely soluble in water.

GoldBio’s antibiotic solutions are provided ready to use.

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes

X-α-Gal is a chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase, yielding a blue precipitate. X-α-Gal is used for detecting two-hybrid interactions directly on the culture media. This substrate eliminates the need for β-galactosidase liquid and filter-lift assays in two-hybrid analysis. Used for species differentiation within the family Enterobacteriaceae and differentiation of Bifidobacteria species from Lactobacilli species.

TES is a zwitterionic buffering agent used in biochemistry and molecular biology that was selected and described by Good et al. It is part of the Tris family of buffers and has a pKa that is right at physiological pH (7.4) at 25°C, giving it a useful pH range of 6.8 – 8.2. It is used in various protein assays, in micellar electrokinetic chromatography and in Test Yolk Buffer medium. Like most neutral pH, amine-based buffers, TES forms a complex with DNA; it affects restriction enzymes kinetics more than HEPES, but less than Tris. It also forms a complex with Cu(II) ions. TES is capable of influencing mRNA expression and embryo development. It is suitable for use in the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay.

Nickel NTA Magnetic Agarose Beads are a rapid and easy small scale purification of histidine-tagged proteins. This resin consists of magnetic agarose derivatized with Nitrilotriacetic (NTA) and provides good properties working in native or denaturing conditions. Magnetic agarose beads provide a convenient and quick method for purification without the need for pipetting or centrifugation. Washing, binding and elution steps will require a magnetic device.

NTA cross-linked resins consist of nitrilotriacetic acid groups ligated by stable ether linkages via a spacer arm. NTA is a tetravalent chelating agent which provides a higher specificity and lower ion leaching than IDA linked resins. NTA resins have also been shown to be more robust in the presence of higher concentrations of EDTA, but may require a higher imidazole concentration for protein elution. This resin is loaded with Ni 2+. The resulting, ready-to-use resin is ideal for rapid purifications of His-tagged proteins.

DNase I (Deoxyribonuclease I) is a dialyzed lyophilized powder from bovine pancreas that has been purified by chromatography.

Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease (DNase) is an endonuclease which splits phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide yielding polynucleotides with a free hydroxyl group at the 3' position and phosphate group at the 5' position. The optimum pH is 7.8.

DNase I is activated by bivalent metals, and inhibited by chelating agents such as EDTA and SDS. DNase I can be stabilized against proteolytic digestion by 5mM Ca 2+.

GoldBio'sFPLC column is a single use product suitable for FPLC and ÄKTA design™ chromatography systems. It is recommended to work with approximately 8 ml of packed bead bed volume. The package contains 1-3 columns (depending on size), 3-9 frits (polyethylene frit with a nominal pore size of 12 µm), and 2-6 caps. The FPLC column parts are made of polypropylene which shows excellent chemical resistance to most of the commonly used reagents.

Cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic primarily targeting P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria. It has also been used to study penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and is a β-lactamase inhibitor. Cefoperazone sodium is freely soluble in aqueous solution.