MES sodium salt is a buffering agent used in biochemistry and molecular biology that was selected and described by Good et al. It is a zwitterionic, morpholinic buffer that is useful for a pH range of 5.5 – 6.7 and commonly used for cell culture media, as a running buffer in electrophoresis, and for protein purification in chromatography. MES lacks the ability to form a complex with most metal ions and is recommended for use as a non-coordinating buffer in solutions with metal ions. MES is often used in buffered culture media for bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. It is toxic towards plants at high concentrations, but can be used in culture media at lower concentrations for plants. Due to low ionic mobility, MES is regarded as an excellent buffer for use in capillary electrochromatography. MES is often employed as a substitute for the highly toxic cacodylate, as well as a substitute for the non-zwitterionic buffers citrate and malate. MES complexes with some organotin(IV) molecules that are being explored as antitumor agents.

PIPES is a buffering agent used in biochemistry and molecular biology that was selected and described by Good et al. It is a zwitterionic, piperazinic buffer that is useful for a pH range of 6.1 – 7.5. PIPES lacks the ability to form a significant complex with most metal ions and is recommended for use as a non-coordinating buffer in solutions with metal ions. PIPES has wide variety of applications and is commonly used in cell culture media, in protein crystallization, as a running buffer in gel electrophoresis, and as an eluent in isoelectric focusing and chromatography.

Phyto Agar is a specially selected plant tissue culture agar with a high gel strength that is free of the extra salts of other agars which may adversely affect plant growth. Phyto Agar can be used in a minimal concentration of 5.0 g/L to obtain a solid gel.

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE ON HUMANS.

Kinetin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division. It is part of a group of hormones called cytokinins.

The plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) comprise a class of growth regulators involved in the stress response, senescence, photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and mobilization, as well as modulation of a plant tissue’s ability to act as a sink or source of metabolites.

CKs are recognized by a subset of sensor histidine kinases (HKs) and the signal is transmitted to the nucleus via a multistep phosphorelay (MSP), thus activating the expression of target genes.

Luciferin is a common bioluminescent reporter used for in vivo imaging of the expression of luciferase. This water soluble substrate for the firefly luciferase enzyme utilizes ATP and Mg2+ as cofactors to emit a characteristic yellow-green emission in the presence of oxygen, which shifts to red light in vivo at 37°C. Through the utilization of ATP, the reaction can be further used to indicate the presence of energy or life in order to function as a life-death stain.

Luciferin is a common reagent used throughout the biotechnology field and specifically for in vivo imaging. Luciferase labeled tumor cells, stem cells or infectious diseases are often inoculated into research animals such as rats or mice for investigation. The injection of luciferin allows for the real-time, noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and/or drug efficacy in these model systems through Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI).

Luciferin is also commonly used for in vitro research, including luciferase and ATP assays, gene reporter assays, high throughput sequencing and various contamination assays.

Penicillin G is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by the Penicillium fungus. It has shown efficacy against a variety of Streptococcus species as well as non-penicillinase producing Staphylococcus species.

The IPTG EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile IPTG solution. The kit includes preweighed IPTG powder, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H2O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio IPTG and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or any other appropriate use.

Bleomycin Sulfate is an anti-cancer agent isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomycin is a mixture of bleomycin A2 and bleomycin B2, in an approximately 2:1 ratio, respectively. However, the ratio varies by lot number.

Bleomycin is used against Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Its mechanism is not well understood; however, it is though that bleomycin chelates metallic ions causing a decrease in enzyme stability. The enzymes react with oxygen and produce free radicals, ultimately causing single-stranded breaks in deoxyribose sugars of DNA.

Bacitracin is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic isolated from Bacillus subtilis. It is made up of a variety of antimicrobial peptide fractions including A, A1, B, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, and X. This standard grade product is a mixture of these fractions, with bacitracin A exhibiting the most potent antimicrobial activity. Bacitracins B1 and B2 exhibit about 90% of the antimicrobial activity of bacitracin A when together. Other forms of bacitracin have not been studied extensively, but may have negligible antimicrobial properties. Bacitracin is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Bacitracin targets the cell wall of gram-positive organisms such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacitracin also functions as a useful tool to distinguish between group A and group B β-hemolytic Streptococcus species, which are susceptible and resistant, respectively.

Duchefa Plant Agar is the preferred choice in Plant cell and Tissue culture as a general purpose agar and combines good quality with a favorable price. Agar is derived from red algae and is comprised of a mix of large polysaccharide agarose molecules and smaller, heterogeneous molecules called agaropectin. Plant agar can be used in a minimal concentration of 5.5 g/l to to obtain a solid gel.

Apramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic useful against gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella species. It is used to study antibiotic resistance and protein synthesis translocation inhibition. Apramycin sulfate is freely soluble.

Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (CBBR) is a member of the Coomassie family and is used extensively as an analytical dye in SDS-PAGE.