Mildronate is a pharmaceutical amino acid amide believed to stimulate vasodilation, thus used to treat angina and myocardial infraction. Chemically, it identifies with aromatic ethers and secondary alcohols. It is a substrate for γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase and structural analogue of γ-butyrobetaine, competitively inhibiting by binding to the γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase substrate.

It is a biological regulator to alpha 2-adrenergic receptors as well as nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms, functions which reduce blood glucose concentrations through oxidation. In ocular and cerebral ischemia, Mildronate decreases symptoms of circulatory disturbance through inhibition of carnitine synthesis.

N-acetylindoxyl is a hydroxyindole. It is a reactant, along with oxygen, in a chemical reaction catalyzed with the enzyme Acetylindoxyl oxidase. This produces N-acetylisatin, which is a metabolite in the pathway of tryptophan.

N-Acetyl-L-carnosine, or N-Acetylcarnosine (abbreviated NAC) is a dipeptide. It is similar to carnosine but more resistant to carnosinase degradation thanks to the addition of an acetyl group.

Oxalacetic acid is an essential component of the Krebs cycle where it combines with acetyl-coenzyme A to yield citric acid. Thus, it is a necessary intermediate in the intercyclic pathway between the Embden-Meyerhof cycle and the Krebs cycle. The primary function of these cycles is for the production of energy, and the shunting out of these acids effectively slows the cycle down. Therefore, keto acids, such as pyruvate and oxalacetic, are frequently added to tissue culture media formulations to maintain maximum cell metabolism.

Palatinose, also called isomaltulose, is a dissacharide isomer of sucrose, and a commercially used sugar substitute. Similarly, it is fully digestible and provides the same caloric value as sucrose (approximately 4 cal/g). Palatinose is produced enzymatically from sucrose via bacteria expressing the isomerase isomaltulose synthase.

Palatinose is a low-glycemic and low-insulinemic saccharide. This occurs because the α-1, 6 glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose is hydrolyzed much slower than the α-1-β-2 bond in sucrose. The low-insulinemic attributes of Palatinose supports improved fat oxidation during physical activity as opposed to high insulin levels in sucrose adsorption, which can hinder the use of lipids as an energy source.

Piperonyl butoxide is an insecticide and synthetic inhibitor of cytochrome P450. It is synergistic to pyrethroids and rotenone.

Ropivacaine is a local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond. Our ropivacaine is the S-enantiomer form of the compound with a purity of >98%.

Semicarbazide HCl is a reagent used to produce aldehyde and ketone derivatives. These derivatives are crystalline compounds with specific melting points. Semicarbazide HCl is a nitrofuran metabolite.

Sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate is a biochemical used in proteomics research.