Interleukin-36A (IL36A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B, and IL36G (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are all IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36A is mainly found in skin and lymphoid tissues, but can also be found in the fetal brain, trachea, stomach and intestine. IL36A is expressed by monocytes, B-cells and T-cells. Notably, IL36A is the only novel IL1 family member expressed on T-cells. Recombinant murine IL36A contains 160 amino acid residues which compose a single nonglycosylated polypeptide. Specifically, mouse IL36A shares 83% amino acid sequence identity with rat IL36A, 54-60% with human, rabbit, equine and bovine IL36A.

Interleukin-36B (IL36B) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B and IL36G (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36B has been reported to be expressed at higher levels in psoriatic plaques rather than symptomless psoriatic skin or healthy control skin. Furthermore, IL36B can stimulate production of IL6 and IL8 in synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes and mature adipocytes.

Interleukin-36B (IL36B) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B and IL36G (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36B has been reported to be expressed at higher levels in psoriatic plaques rather than symptomless psoriatic skin or healthy control skin. Furthermore, IL36B can stimulate production of IL6 and IL8 in synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes and mature adipocytes. Human IL36B shares low sequence identity with IL1B, IL36RN, IL36A and IL36G.

Interleukin 36B (IL36B) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B, and IL36G (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are all IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36B is reported to be expressed at higher levels in psoriatic plaques than in symptomless psoriatic skin or healthy control skin. IL36B can also stimulate the production of IL6 and IL8 in synovial fibroblasts, articular chondrocytes and mature adipocytes.

Interleukin-36B (IL36B) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B, and IL36G (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are all IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36B is reported to be expressed at higher levels in psoriatic plaques than in symptomless psoriatic skin or healthy control skin. IL36B can also stimulate the production of IL6 and IL8 in synovial fibrobasts, articular chondrocytes and mature adipocytes.Within the IL1 family, IL36B/IL1F8 shares 30%, 32%, 37%, 46%, 34%, 45% and 28% amino acid sequence identity with IL1RN, IL1B, IL36RN/IL1F5, IL36A/IL1F6, IL37/IL1F7, IL36G/IL1F9 and IL1F10, respectively.

Interleukin-36G (IL36G) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B and IL36G (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36G is secreted when transfected into 293-T cells and could constitute part of an independent signaling system analogous to that of IL1A and IL1B receptor agonist and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL1R1). Furthermore, IL36G also can function as an agonist of NFκB activation through the orphan IL1-receptor-related protein 2. Human IL36G (152 a.a.) shares 58%, 59%, 68% and 69% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine and equine IL36G, respectively, and 23-57% amino acid sequence identity with other family members.

Interleukin-36G (IL36G) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. IL36A, IL36B and IL36G; (formerly IL1F6, IL1F8, and IL1F9) are IL1 family members that signal through the IL1 receptor family members IL1Rrp2 (IL1RL2) and IL1RAcP. IL36B is secreted when transfected into 293-T cells and could constitute part of an independent signaling system analogous to that of IL1A and IL1B receptor agonist and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL1R1). Furthermore, IL36G also can function as an agonist of NFκB activation through the orphan IL1-receptor-related protein 2. Recombinant human IL36G is synthesized as a protein that contains no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N-linked glycosylation site.There is a 53% amino acid homology between human and mouse IL36G. IL36G also has a 25-55% amino acid homology with IL36G and IL1RN, IL1B, IL36RN, IL36A, IL37, IL36B and IL1F10.

Interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL36RN) is a secreted protein which belongs to the interleukin 1 cytokine family (IL1 family) and is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts, endothelial cells or melanocytes. IL36RN has been reported to antagonize the biological activity of IL36A (IL1F6), IL36B (IL1F8), and IL36G (IL1F9). Furthermore, it could constitute part of an independent signaling system analogous to IL1A, IL1B receptor agonist and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL1R1). However, the receptor for IL36RN has not been positively identified. Indirect evidence suggests that IL1Rrp2 is its receptor. Recombinant human IL36RN contains 154 amino acid residues and shares 91% amino acid sequence identity with murine IL36RN.

Interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL36RN) is a secreted protein that belongs to the interleukin 1 cytokine family (IL1 family) and is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes, but not in fibroblasts, endothelial cells or melanocytes. IL36RN has been reported to antagonize the biological activity of IL36A (IL1F6), IL36B (IL1F8), and IL36G (IL1F9). Furthermore, it could constitute part of an independent signaling system analogous to IL1A, IL1B receptor agonist and interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL1R1). In addition, the receptor for IL36RN has not been positively identified; however there is indirect evidence that suggests IL1Rrp2 is the receptor. Recombinant murine IL36 RN contains 154 amino acid residues and shares 91% amino acid sequence identity with human IL36RN.

Interleukin 4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T-cell and B-cell responses, including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. Produced by mast cells, T-cells and bone marrow stromal cells, IL4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T-cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, and IL13, which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergy.

Interleukin 4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse T and B cell responses including cell proliferation, survival and gene expression. Produced by mast cells, T cells and bone marrow stromal cells, IL4 regulates the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into helper Th2 cells, characterized by their cytokine-secretion profile that includes secretion of IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, and IL13, which favor a humoral immune response. Another dominant function of IL4 is the regulation of immunoglobulin class switching to the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. Excessive IL4 production by Th2 cells has been associated with elevated IgE production and allergy.

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Interleukin-4 (IL4) is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T-cells (Th0 cells) to Th2-cells, and is produced by mast cells, activated T-cells and bone marrow stromal cells. It has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B-cell and T-cell proliferation, and the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th2-cells. IL4 can enhance both the secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. IL4 also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes. The rat IL4 shares about 40-45% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, rhesus macaque IL4, and they are species-specific in their activities.