Indole-6-carboxaldehyde is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of antitumor agents and botulinum neurotoxin serotype a protease inhibiting analogs.

Indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester is a reagent used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals. It has been used to synthesize inhibitors blocking NS5B polymerase and histamine H1 blockers, along with cGMP-PDE inhibitors. It has also been used in the synthesis of antibacterial agents.

3-Indoxyl-β-D-glucuronic acid is used in detection and enumeration of E. coli. This chromogenic substrate is used for β-D-glucuronidase, and yields a blue precipitate upon cleavage.

Ingenol mebutate (Ingenol-3-mebutate) is a hydrophobic diterpene ester extracted from the plant Euphorbia peplus. This compound is used in oncology research as an activator of the protein kinase C (PKC) family. Ingenol mebutate has been effective against basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and actinic keratosis.

Research on stimulation of PKC pathways by ingenol mebutate were shown to promote apoptosis, arrest cell growth and increase neutrophilic infiltration. Halting cell growth subsequently leads to apoptosis due to intracellular signals triggered from a lack of progression in the cell cycle. Ingenol mebutate diminished relapse rates of mice tumors in vivo and in vitro by inducing neutrophil recruiting and activating pathways. These pathways include releasing inflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin 1 (IL1) as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which attract neutrophils to the inflammatory site.

p-Iodonitrotetrazolium Violet (also called INT) is a tetrazolium dye that turns purple upon reduction. INT dye is often used to visualize dehydrogenase activity histochemically as well as western blot staining and as a staining agent for soft agar colony formation assays.

Through inhibition of superoxide dismutase, IPA has shown to protect against oxidative damage in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells. IPA has also shown to protect against death caused by exposure to amyloid β-protein in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells.

IPTG is an analog of galactose that is non-metabolizable and inactivates the lac repressor to induce synthesis of β-galactosidase in E. coli. The expression of cloned genes under the control of the lac operon is induced by IPTG. It is also a substrate for thigalactoside transacetylase and has been reported to induce penicillinase in bacteria.

The IPTG EZ Pak™ is the fastest and easiest way to make a set amount of sterile IPTG solution. The kit includes preweighed IPTG powder, a sterile filter, and a sterile container for the filtered solution. No need to calculate, simply add the stated amount of deionized H2O, filter, and pour into the labeled bottle for easy usage. The EZ Pak™ includes high quality GoldBio IPTG and the sterile solution is ready for tissue culture, bacterial media, or any other appropriate use.

Irgasan (triclosan) is a broad-spectrum antifungal and antibiotic. It is often used as a supplement to cell culture media in Pseudomonas and Yersinia isolation agars to prevent bacterial contamination. It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in ethanol and methanol.

Irgasan binds the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and forms a complex. Consequently, NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) binds and prevents the enoyl-ACP complex from participating in the fatty acid synthesis cycle, suppressing bacterial cell growth.

Isocorydine is an alkaloid isolated from plants. Isocorydine induces both PDCD4 and G2M apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and also inhibits eukaryote protein kinases.

Isoniazid is a prodrug derivative of nicotinic acid that is used as an antibiotic compound against Mycobactrium tuberculosis, M. bovis, and other mycobacteria. This prodrug is transformed by catalase-peroxidases, where its active form inhibits an enoyl-reductase (InhA). Inhibition of InhA compromises bacterial cell walls by preventing mycolic acid synthesis, disrupting fluid homeostasis and leading to cell death.