CXCL13 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed highest in liver tissue, followed by spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, and stomach. It is a ligand for CXCR5 and is selectively chemotactic for B lymphocytes. CXCL13 plays an essential role in the development of lymph nodes and the organization of B cells within lymphoid follicles, but its expression is downregulated within lymphoid tissues by IFN-gamma during immune responses. CXCL13 induces B cells to upregulate lymphotoxin alpha-1-beta-2, leading to CXCL13 expression and creating a positive feedback loop essential for follicular dendritic cell development and homeostasis.

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Murine CXCL14 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed constitutively in many normal tissues, including brain, lung, ovaries, kidneys, and muscle. CXCL14 is chemotactic for monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, activated NK cells, and B cells. It possesses tumor suppressing function in certain cancers possibly due to migrations of NK cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, and a reduction of settlement rate of tumor cells. However in contradiction, CXCL14 can induce tumor growth in other types of cancers. The effect on tumorigenesis may be changed through epigenetic silencing. CXCL14 is a natural antagonist for CXCR4 and inhibits CXCL12.

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Rat CXCL14 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed constitutively in many normal tissues, including brain, lung, ovaries, kidneys, and muscle. CXCL14 is chemotactic for monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, activated NK cells, and B cells. It possesses tumor suppressing function in certain cancers possibly due to migrations of NK cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, and reduction of settlement rate of tumor cells. However in contradiction, it can induce tumor growth in other types of cancers. CXCL14 is a natural antagonist for CXCR4 and inhibits CXCL12.

Murine CXCL16 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed by macrophages, monocytes, B-cells, and Schwann cells. Expression is induced by IFNG and TNF-α. CXCL16 is an integral membrane protein that is cleaved by ADAM10 to release the soluble active polypeptide into the extracellular space. The soluble protein is chemotactic for activated CD8 T-cells, induces calcium flux and regulates migration of T-cells. CXCL16 is a ligand for CXCR6, but also serves as a receptor for oxidized LDL and phosphadtidylserine.

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CXCL17 is a CXC chemokine appearing to lack the ELR motif, yet functioning as a chemokine that does contain the ELR motif as it plays a role in angiogenesis and is chemotactic for neutrophils. It also plays a role in regulation of mucosal inflammatory responses and is chemotactic for macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and immature myeloid-derived cells. CXCL17 is coregulated with VEGF and may play a role in regulating tumorigenesis through angiogenesis. CXCL17 expression has been observed in several tissues, but appears to be restricted to mucosal sites such as the digestive system, lung airways, the urethra, and different sites of the female reproductive system. CXCL17 is a ligand for the receptor GPR35.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Rat CXCL17 is a CXC chemokine appearing to lack the ELR motif, yet functioning as a chemokine that does contain the ELR motif as it plays a role in angiogenesis and is chemotactic for neutrophils. It also plays a role in regulation of mucosal inflammatory responses and is chemotactic for macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and immature myeloid-derived cells. CXCL17 expression has been observed in several tissues, but appears to be restricted to mucosal sites such as the digestive system, lung airways, the urethra, and different sites of the female reproductive system. CXCL17 is a ligand for the receptor GPR35.

CXCL2 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and expressed in a variety of other cells. CXCL2 participates in chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells. It plays a role in would healing, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. CXCL2 exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL2 binds. The amino acid sequence of CXCL2 is significantly homologous to that of CXCL1.

CXCL2 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and expressed in a variety of other cells. Expression of CXCL2 is induced by IL1, TNF, and LPS. CXCL2 participates in chemotaxis of neutrophils, basophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells. It plays a role in wound healing, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. CXCL2 exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL2 binds. CXCL2 shares significant sequence amino acid homology with CXCL1.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Rat CXCL2 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and expressed in a variety of other cells. Expression of CXCL2 is induced by IL1, TNF, and LPS. CXCL2 participates in chemotaxis of neutrophils, basophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells. It plays a role in would healing, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. CXCL2 exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. CXCL2 is a ligand for CXCR2. CXCL2 shares significant amino acid sequence homology with CXCL1.

CXCL3 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and expressed in a variety of other cells. CXCL3 participates in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils. CXCL3 is a ligand for CXCR2. It plays a role in would healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. CXCL3 has an effect on the differentiation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, pushing them towards a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like phenotype. CXCL3 exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

CXCL3 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and expressed in a variety of other cells. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL3 binds. CXCL3 participates in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils. It plays a role in would healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. CXCL3 has an effect on the differentiation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells, pushing them towards a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like phenotype. CXCL3 exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Rat CXCL3 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and expressed in a variety of other cells. As a result of alternative splicing, there are two isoforms of rat CXCL3 that differ from each other by three amino acid residues. This recombinant rat CXCL3 is the canonical sequence often referred to as CXCL3A or CINC2A. CXCR2 is the receptor that CXCL3 binds. CXCL3 participates in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils. It plays a role in would healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. CXCL3 has an effect on the differentiation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells, pushing them towards a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like phenotype.