Doxorubicin HCl is an anthracycline antibiotic that inhibits cancer progression by suppressing DNA replication. It is the 12-hydroxylated form of daunorubicin and causes DNA intercalation. It also inhibits topoisomerase II. Doxorubicin is researched for its efficacy against non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute leukemias, Kaposi sarcoma, Wilm tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and cancers of the breast, lung, ovary, endometrium, and adrenal cortex. Doxorubicin is an MRP-1 substrate and has been used in drug-resistance studies.

Doxycycline hyclate is a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic effective against bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. It is also a broad-spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Doxycycline hyclate is routinely used to select for cells containing the pcDNA3.1 resistance plasmid in cell line 293 at an effective concentration of 2 μg/mL. It is freely soluble in aqueous solution.

Dr. Gold’s Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent is a powerful, next-generation solution designed for efficient extraction of expressed proteins from bacterial cells—now reengineered for improved performance and cost-effectiveness. Built on the foundation of our trusted Bacterial Cell Lysis Buffer, this ready-to-use formulation offers enhanced yield and reproducibility without the need for harsh mechanical disruption.

Our proprietary blend of buffering agents and dialyzable, non-denaturing detergents ensures gentle but thorough lysis, preserving native protein structure and activity.

The reagent includes lysozyme, nucleases, and a specially optimized salt solution to promote full membrane disruption and maximize the recovery of soluble proteins.

Dithioerythritol (DTE) is one of two Cleland's Reagents (along with DTT). The two chemicals are epimers of each other, in which the hydroxyl groups of DTE are in the cis form as opposed to the trans form for DTT.

DTE is a strong reducing agent and is a component of buffers used in protocols for the isolation and purification of proteins.

Yellow crystalline powder that is used for the colorimetric determination of thiol groups in biological samples. DTNB is fairly soluble in water.

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is the common name of the more popular of the two Cleland’s Reagents (the other being Dithioerythritol or DTE). DTT is a powerful reducing agent that forms a stable six-membered ring with an internal disulfide bond which is resistant to oxidation. DTT is often used for the following: reducing the disulfide bridge of the cross-linker N,N′-bis(acryloyl) cystamine to break apart the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel, the reduction of disulfide bonds in proteins, the prevention of those bonds from forming between cysteine residues and lastly, DTT is often used to reduce thiolated DNA in order to minimize dimerization.

DTT is a nearly 7-fold stronger reduction agent than βME (β-mercaptoethanol) and has a less offensive odor and is less toxic.

Dual Luciferase Passive Lysis Buffer is a 1X cell lysis buffer that is designed for use with our Illumination™ Firefly & Renilla Luciferase Enhanced Assay Kit. Those kits are supplied with sufficient lysis buffer to perform the stated number of assays with cells grown in 96 – 24 well plates. Dual Luciferase Passive Lysis Buffer is sold separately for use with the kits when more lysis buffer (e.g. >100 uL/well) is required.

Duchefa GelriteTM is a naturally derived gelling polymer that can be used in a variety of applications as a solidification agent instead of agar. Produced by microbial fermentation, GelriteTM is a highly purified, natural anionic polysaccharide with the variations commonly associated with agar. GelriteTM forms rigid, brittle, agar-like gels at approximately half the use level of agar in presence of soluble salt like Mg2+ and Ca2+. Gels prepared with Gelrite™ are remarkably clear in comparison to those formed with agar. GelriteTM contains no contaminating matters (e.g., phenolic compounds) as found in agar that are toxic to certain sensitive organisms.

E-64 (trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane) irreversibly inhibits cysteine proteases without affecting other enzymes that contain cysteine residues. E-64 is capable of inhibiting bromelain, trypsin, papain, staphopain, calpain, collagenase, ficain, cathepsin B, H and L. Inhibition of serine proteases is not seen with E-64, excepting trypsin.

E-64 is usually used in a concentration range of 1 to 10μM. It is widely used for in vivo studies due to its cell permeability, low toxicity, and potency. E-64 is being investigated for the treatment of diseases caused by cysteine protease activity. It has been observed to inhibit programmed cell death and restore antigen and mitogen activity related to normal proliferative responses in T cells obtained from HIV+ donors.

GoldBio’s E. Coli Competent Cell Recovery Medium is an animal-free recovery medium specifically formulated for optimal competent cell transformations for all E. coli competent cells.

Econazole Nitrate is a broad-spectrum antimycotic imidazole antifungal targeting the cell membrane of fungi. It increases cell permeability via ergosterol synthesis inhibition. It is useful against fungi that cause Tinea especially Trichophyton and Microsporum species. It can be used to study platelet serotonin uptake and the synthesis of prostanoids.

EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent, a general chemical and a sequestrant. In molecular biology applications, it is used to minimize metal ion contamination and prevent enzymatic activity.

EDTA disodium is routinely used in electrophoresis DNA and protein separation applications to chelate metal ions required for enzymatic activity that could potentially damage DNA and protein structure.