Rat CXCL6 is an ELR type of CXC chemokine. It is expressed in various epithelial cell lines alongside CXCL8 (IL8) and CXCL1 in response to stimulation by IL1 or TNF-alpha. It is down regulated by IFNG. Rat CXCL6 is a ligand for Rat CXCR1. It is a chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils, and plays a role in angiogenesis and inflammation, as well as the metastasis of various cancers. It also blocks insulin signaling by activating the JAK2/STAT5/SOCS2 pathway. Rat CXCL6 has also been referred to as rat CXCL5 and is an ortholog of human CXCL5 and CXCL6, as well as murine CXCL5.

CXCL9 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed in and secreted by macrophages, epithelial cells, and other cell types after induction by IFN-gamma. It is chemotactic for stimulated T-cell lymphocytes and plays a role in T-cell activation, angiostasis, inhibition of neovascularization, and inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cells. CXCL9 is most closely related to CXCL10 and CXCL11, all three of which are ligands for CXCLR3.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Murine CXCL9 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR motif. It is expressed in and secreted by macrophages, epithelial cells, and other cell types after induction by IFNG. It is chemotactic for stimulated T lymphocytes and plays a role in angiostasis, inhibition of neovascularization, inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and T-cell activation. CXCL9 is most closely related to CXCL10 and CXCL11, all three of which are ligands for CXCLR3. CXCL9 exhibits antimicrobial activity and even after degradation by speB from S. pyogenes, it retains such activity.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Cy3‐NHS Ester is an amine-reactive Cy3 labeling dye that carries only one reactive group on each dye molecule for accurate labeling of amine groups on antibodies or oligonucleotides.

Cy3 is a bright, photostable, and pH insensitive fluorescent dye used to label antibody, proteins, peptides. Cy3 conjugates give less background than TAMRA and most other fluorophores.

Cy3 dyes are water-soluble labeling reagent. Cy3 conjugates can be excited maximally at 550 nm, with peak emission at 570 nm. For fluorescence microscopy, Cy3 can be visualized with traditional TAMRA (tetramethylrhodamine) filter sets since the excitation and emission spectra are nearly identical to those of TAMRA.

Cy5‐NHS Ester is an amine-reactive Cy5 labeling dye that carries only one reactive group on each dye molecule for accurate labeling of amine groups on antibodies or oligonucleotides.

Cy5 dyes are one of most widely used NIR fluorescent dyes. Cy5 conjugates are very bright, photostable, pH insensitive and produce minimal autofluorescence of biological specimens in this region of the spectrum.

Fluorescence of this long-wavelength Cy5 dye is not visible to the human eye but is readily detected by most imaging systems.

Cy5 dyes are water-soluble labeling reagent. Cy5 conjugates are excited maximally at 648 nm and fluoresce maximally at 665 nm. They are excited to about 98% of maximum with a krypton/argon laser (647 nm line) or to about 63% of maximum with a helium/neon laser (633 nm line).

Cyclohex99 is the most pure form of cycloheximide available. It is over 98% pure and all toxic isomers have been removed. Cyclohex99 should be used for the most sensitive applications as it is free of impurities. In general, GoldBio’s Molecular Grade cycloheximide is suitable for most experiments.

Cycloheximide is a protein synthesis inhibitor in eukaryotic cells. It prevents ribosomal mRNA translocation during protein translation. Cycloheximide can be used to study cellular processes and inhibit yeast growth. It has also been used to determine half-life of a protein using western blotting techniques of protein cell lysate. Additionally, it has been used to select for CHX-resistant strains of yeast and fungi. It also displays neuroprotective properties.

Cycloheximide is a protein synthesis inhibitor in eukaryotic cells. It prevents ribosomal mRNA translocation during protein translation. Cycloheximide has a variety of applications. It can be used to study cellular processes and to determine the half-life of a protein using western blotting techniques of protein cell lysate. It has been used to select for CHX-resistant strains of yeast and fungi. It also displays neuroprotective properties. Additionally, Cycloheximide has been used to inhibit yeast growth at concentrations of 200μM. It has been used to promote production of ethylene in leaves and fruit.

Cycloheximide is reserved for in vitro applications due to its high toxicity.

The cyclosporins are a group of macrolide immunosuppressants isolated from fungi. They are researched for their use in prevention of post-transplant graft rejection. Their mechanism of action involves suppression of cytotoxic T-cell maturation and activity by binding lymphocyte protein cyclophilin. Cyclophilin and cyclosporin form a complex targeting calcineurin, which is responsible for activating T-lymphocytes. Additionally, the cyclosporins are researched for their ability to prevent damage to normal functioning cells in autoimmune disorders.

Cyclosporin A is over 99% pure and soluble in DMSO and ethyl alcohol.

The cyclosporins are a group of macrolide immunosuppressants isolated from fungi. They are researched for their use in prevention of post-transplant graft rejection. Their mechanism of action involves suppression of cytotoxic T-cell maturation and activity by binding lymphocyte protein cyclophilin. Cyclophilin and cyclosporin form a complex targeting calcineurin, which is responsible for activating T-lymphocytes. Additionally, the cyclosporins are researched for their ability to prevent damage to normal functioning cells in autoimmune disorders.

Cyclosporin B is soluble in DMSO and ethyl alcohol.

The cyclosporins are a group of macrolide immunosuppressants isolated from fungi. They are researched for their use in prevention of post-transplant graft rejection. Their mechanism of action involves suppression of cytotoxic T-cell maturation and activity by binding lymphocyte protein cyclophilin. Cyclophilin and cyclosporin form a complex targeting calcineurin, which is responsible for activating T-lymphocytes. Additionally, the cyclosporins are researched for their ability to prevent damage to normal functioning cells in autoimmune disorders.

Cyclosporin D is soluble in DMSO and ethyl alcohol.

Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is a dynamically expressed, multifunctional matricellular protein of the CCN family encoded by the Cyr61 gene. Cyr61 is critical for cardiovascular development during embryogenesis and regulates inflammation, wound healing and fibrogenesis in the adult. It is involved in cell adhesion, cell migration, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Cyr61 consists of four domains: an IGFBP domain, a VWF type C domain, a TSP type I domain, and a cysteine knot domain.

Cysteamine Hydrochloride or cysteamine is a mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride salt reductant that forms in mammals from pantetheine formation by degrading Coenzyme A. It has been used as a cystine depleting agent as well as a somatostatin inhibitor.

Cysteamine has been shown in vivo to remove accumulated cystine in lysosomes by forming disulfide bridges with cystine. The interaction between cysteamine and cystine forms cysteine and cysteine-cysteamine mixed disulfide which can freely exit lysosomes.

Cysteamine has also been shown to inhibit somatostatin however, the mechanism of action has not been elucidated. It is believed to either inhibit somatostatin precursor formation or by promoting somatostatin degradation.