I_Products

Pepstatin A is a competitive, reversible aspartic protease inhibitor which inhibits proteases such as pepsin, chymosin, renin, HIV proteases, and cathepsins D and E. Peptstatin A is highly selective and is often used in a mixture with other enzyme inhibitors. In vitro studies have shown pepstatin A is the only aspartic acid inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory effects on HIV proteases.

Trypsin is a serine protease that hydrolyses proteins which can be found in the digestive system. Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxy side of s-aminoethyl cysteine, arginine and lysine residues with very little or no cleavage at lysyl-proline and arginyl-proline bonds. This special cleaving activity yields peptides that are easily identified by mass spectrometry. Additionally, our Immobilized Trypsin is TPCK treated to deactivate interfering chymotrypsin, which can interfere with sequence analysis.

Indole-2-Carboxylic Acid is used in Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions and for the preparation of spirooxindole-pyrrolidones.

Indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is a reagent involved in the preparation of: CRTH2 receptor antagonists, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, and an anticancer agent against leukemia K562 cells.

Indole-3-acetyl-L-isoleucine is a conjugate of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and can be used as a plant growth regulator.

Indole-3-acryloylglycine (IAG) is an indole derivative typically found in human urine. Analyzing the levels of IAG is useful for the diagnostic of certain disorders like Hartnup disease. It can also be used as a reagent for chemical synthesis.

Indole-3-carbinol is an inhibitor of carcinogenesis at the initiation stage. However, it enhances carcinogenesis at the post-initiation stage. Indole-3-carbinol induces cell cycle arrest and additionally blocks cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression. It has been shown to suppress cell adhesion and migration in vitro.

Indole-3-Carboxylic acid is used to prepare antitumor agents and amino acid derivatives. Additionally, it can be used to synthesize serotonin 5-HT4 and 5-Ht6 receptor antagonists, Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists, and potential agents against Alzheimer's disease.

Indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester is useful in the preparation of: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, RNA polymerase II inhibitors, Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) inhibitors, serotonin 5-HT4 inhibitors, and protein kinase C alpha inhibitors.

Indole-3-propanol is a reagent used for chemical synthesis. It has been used in the synthesis of h5-HT1D receptor agonists.

Indole-3-propionamide or IPAM is an antioxidant used to modify mitochondrial metabolism and to decrease reactive oxygen species production. It is cell-permeable.

Indole-4-carboxylic acid is a reagent used in chemical synthesis. An indole with several applications it has been used in the synthesis of histamine H3 antagonists and hydroxamic acids inhibitors, along with HIV protease inhibitors and SARS-CoV 3CL proinhibitors. Outside of pharmaceutical applications Indole-4-carboxylic acid can form a copolymer.

Indole-5-carboxaldehyde is a reagent that has been used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, such as anti-inflammatory drugs and HIV-protease inhibitors, along with NMDA receptor antagonists. In other applications it can be used to synthesize para-para stilbenophanes.

Indole-6-carboxaldehyde is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of antitumor agents and botulinum neurotoxin serotype a protease inhibiting analogs.

Indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester is a reagent used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals. It has been used to synthesize inhibitors blocking NS5B polymerase and histamine H1 blockers, along with cGMP-PDE inhibitors. It has also been used in the synthesis of antibacterial agents.

3-Indoxyl-β-D-glucuronic acid is used in detection and enumeration of E. coli. This chromogenic substrate is used for β-D-glucuronidase, and yields a blue precipitate upon cleavage.

Ingenol mebutate (Ingenol-3-mebutate) is a hydrophobic diterpene ester extracted from the plant Euphorbia peplus. This compound is used in oncology research as an activator of the protein kinase C (PKC) family. Ingenol mebutate has been effective against basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and actinic keratosis.

Research on stimulation of PKC pathways by ingenol mebutate were shown to promote apoptosis, arrest cell growth and increase neutrophilic infiltration. Halting cell growth subsequently leads to apoptosis due to intracellular signals triggered from a lack of progression in the cell cycle. Ingenol mebutate diminished relapse rates of mice tumors in vivo and in vitro by inducing neutrophil recruiting and activating pathways. These pathways include releasing inflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin 1 (IL1) as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which attract neutrophils to the inflammatory site.

p-Iodonitrotetrazolium Violet (also called INT) is a tetrazolium dye that turns purple upon reduction. INT dye is often used to visualize dehydrogenase activity histochemically as well as western blot staining and as a staining agent for soft agar colony formation assays.

Through inhibition of superoxide dismutase, IPA has shown to protect against oxidative damage in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells. IPA has also shown to protect against death caused by exposure to amyloid β-protein in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells.