M_Products

D-Melibiose is a reducing disaccharide formed from galactose and glucose. It can be used to differentiate between Saccharomyces pastorianus, which breaks down D-Melibose, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae which does not. This characteristic may be shared among other bacteria, giving D-Melibiose an ability to differentiate bacterial species. D-Melibiose has also been used to study water plasticization of amorphous disaccharides and in a study improvind the preparation of benzoylated ethyl. It also has moderate protective effects on anti-pig antibodies in pig kidney cells.

Murine D17Wsu104e (SF20) is a bone marrow stroma-derived growth factor, sometimes called IL25 (not to be confused with IL17E/IL25). SF20 is expressed in bone marrow, spleen stroma cells, resting mononuclear cells, resting CD8+ and CD19+ cells and activated CD8+ T-cells. SF20 has also been shown to bind to the surface of cells expressing the receptor TSA-1 (Thymic shared Ag-1). Among its biological activities, SF20 stimulates the proliferation of FDCP2 cells (a mouse factor-dependent hemopoietic cell line) and mouse lymphoid cells.

Murine beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) is an antimicrobial peptide that contributes to the innate and adaptive immune systems and is active against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Like the other β-defensins, DEFB1 is a small protein that contains a motif consisting of six cysteine residues which form three intramolecular disulfide bridges. It is constitutively expressed in epithelial tissue, mainly of the respiratory and genitourinary tract, as well as in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. DEFB1 is a cationic peptide and interacts with the membranes of invading microbes, which are negatively charged due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA and LPS have higher affinity for DEFB1 than for Ca +2 and Mg+2 ions. The larger defensin molecule displaces the smaller ion, changing the membrane structure and affecting the stability of the membrane; this can lead to the formation of pores and subsequent depolarization or lysis. The primary role of DEFB1 is believed to be prevention of microbial colonization on epithelia. Transgenic mice lacking the Defb1 gene showed an increased load of Staphylococcus species in the bladder, suggesting a role for DEFB1 in resistance to urinary tract infection. Inhibition of DEFB1 by high salt concentration may play a role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.

Murine beta-defensin 2 (DEFB2) is an antimicrobial peptide that contributes to the innate immune system and is active against gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It also contributes to the adaptive immune system through recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection through chemotaxis. Like the other β-defensins, DEFB2 is a small protein that contains a motif consisting of six cysteine residues which form three intramolecular disulfide bridges. It is expressed in the epithelia of skin and organs in the genitourinary tract, as well as in monocytes and macrophages. Expression is induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, LPS, and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B and IFNG, and downregulated by the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone. DEFB2 expression is also induced by exposure to low M.W. hyaluronic acid fragments, which is common following inflammation or tissue injury. DEFB2 is a cationic peptide that disrupts the membranes of invading microbes, which are negatively charged due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). In mice that have had the Defb2 gene silenced, inducible NO synthase expression was elevated. DEFB2 works in combination with DEFB3 to contribute to resistance against corneal infection. Inhibition of DEFB2 by high salt concentration may play a role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.

Murine beta-defensin 3 (DEFB3) is an antimicrobial peptide that contributes to the innate and adaptive immune systems and is active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Like the other β-defensins, DEFB3 is a small protein that contains a motif consisting of six cysteine residues which form three intramolecular disulfide bridges. It is expressed in epithelial tissue of many organs, including the skin and lungs, and in leukocytes. Expression of DEFB3 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1B and IFNG. Expression of murine DEFB3 was found to be downregulated in the epidermis by psychological stress due to decreased glucocorticoid production and subsequent decreased defensin-encapsulating lamellar body secretion. DEFB3 is a cationic peptide and interacts with the membranes of invading microbes, which are negatively charged due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA and LPS have higher affinity for DEFB3 than for Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions. The larger defensin molecule displaces the smaller ion, changing the membrane structure and affecting the stability of the membrane; this can lead to the formation of pores and subsequent depolarization or lysis. Inhibition of DEFB3 by high salt concentration may play a role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis.

DL-Methionine sulfoxide the product of oxidation of the sulfur the naturally occurring amino acid methionine. This product is a mixture of both methionine sulfoxide enantiomers.

EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) is a family of growth factors that are derived from membrane-anchored precursors. The family is characterized by the presence of at least one “EGF-like domain” (characterized by the presence of three disulfide bonds, formed from 6 conserved cysteine residues) in their extracellular domain. EGF was originally discovered as an activity that induced early eyelid opening, incisor eruption, hair growth inhibition and stunting of growth when injected into newborn mice. Additionally, EGF has been shown to inhibit gastric secretion, is involved in wound healing and signals through a receptor known as c-erbB (a class I tyrosine kinase receptor).

FGF10/KGF2 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. KGF2 cDNA encodes a 208 amino acid residue protein with a hydrophobic amino-terminal signal peptide. Human KGF2 shares 92% and 95% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat KGF2, respectively. In the FGF family, KGF2 is most closely related to FGF7 (KGF1), FGF3 and FGF22 (see additional information). The expression of KGF2 transcript has been shown to be most abundant in the embryo and adult lung. Recombinant KGF2 has been shown to be mitogenic for epithelial and epidermal cells but not fibroblasts. KGF2 may play unique roles in brain and lung development, wound healing and limb bud formation.

FGF18 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. FGF18 has been shown in vitro to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Studies of the similar proteins in mouse and chick suggest that this protein is a pleiotropic growth factor that stimulates proliferation in tissues such as the liver and small intestine. FGF18 acts as a trophic factor for elastic chondrocytes in vivo and articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro and plays an autocrine role in normal articular cartilage repair. FGF18 –/– mice have decreased expression of osteogenic markers and delayed long-bone ossification. FGF18 has been shown in vitro that this protein is able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. It is most closely related to FGF8 and FGF17 (see additional information).

FGF21 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. It is in the same endocrine signaling subfamily as FGF19 and FGF23. FGF21 is a heparin-binding ligand for FGFR1c and FGFR4 that requires the presence of beta-klotho. Expression of FGF21 mRNA has been observed in the liver, the thymus, and several types of adipose tissue. It has been shown to stimulate glucose incorporation in differentiated adipocytes, independent of insulin activity. It has been suggested that FGF21 also acts as key regulator in the adaptation to stress.

GoldBio growth factors are manufactured for RESEARCH USE ONLY and cannot be sold for human consumption!

Recombinant Murine Fibroblast Growth Factor 7
FGF7
KGF1
Keratinocyte Growth Factor 1

FGF7/KGF1 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. In the FGF family, FGF7 is most closely related to FGF10 (KGF2), FGF3 and FGF22 (see additional information). Proteins of this family play a central role during prenatal development and postnatal growth and regeneration of a variety of tissues, by promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. FGF7/KGF1 is mitogen factor specific for epithelial cells and keratinocytes and signals through Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2b (FGFR-2b) and plays an important role in kidney and lung development, angiogenesis and wound healing.

Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder. Purified and tested for use in cell culture.

Source: Escherichia coli

FGF8 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. These proteins play a crucial role during prenatal development and postnatal growth. In mice, there are 8 known alternate spliced forms of FGF8: FGF8A-H. The human and murine FGF8A and B proteins are 100% identical while FGF8E and F proteins are 98% identical between human and mouse. FGF8 targets mammary carcinoma cells and other cells expressing the FGF receptors. In the FGF family, FGF8 is most closely associated with FGF17 and FGF18 (see additional information).

FGF9 is a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor family of proteins. Proteins of this family play a central role during prenatal development and postnatal growth and regeneration of a variety of tissues, by promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. FGF9 targets glial cells, astrocytes and other cells that express FGFR 1c, 2c, 3b, 3c and 4. FGF9 is a potent mitogen for both prostatic epithelial and stromal cells in culture and is an abundant, secreted growth factor that can act as both a paracrine mitogen for epithelial cells and as an autocrine mitogen for stromal cells. There is a 99% amino acid sequence homology between human, mouse and rat FGF9 proteins. In the FGF family, FGF9 is most closely associated with FGF16 and FGF20 (see additional information).

Glia maturation factor beta is an actin-binding protein that shows sequence similarity to the ADF/ cofilin family. It is expressed in the cytosol and on the cell surface of astrocytes and interacts with target receptors in a juxtacrine manner. GMFB is involved in the differentiation of glial cells and neurons. It stimulates axon regeneration and proliferation of astroblasts, and inhibits proliferation of tumors. It also reversibly inhibits proliferation of neuronal and non-neuronal neoplastic cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. It is suggested that GMFB acts an intracellular regulator of signal pathways. Analysis of crystallography and NMR reveals structural differences between murine and human ADF-H domains.

Goof-Proof™ qPCR Master Mix is an EvaGreen dye-based hot start master mix for use in DNA melt curve analysis and in Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) applications. Goof-Proof™ is a mistake-prevention master mix which contains a low concentration of blue dye. Additionally, Goof-Proof™ includes a DNA template buffer which has a higher concentration of blue dye. With the addition of the 2X Goof-Proof™ Master Mix to the reaction, it will appear light blue (see Figure 1). And when you add the template, containing DNA template buffer, the color will turn darker blue (see Figure 2).

Goof-Proof™ allows you to see quickly and easily whether you forgot to add the master mix or the template to any of your reactions, preventing pipetting mistakes and wasted time, reagents and money. The 2X Goof-Proof™ Master Mix can also be used without the Template Buffer, if desired.

Goof-Proof™ qPCR Master Mix is an EvaGreen dye-based hot start master mix for use in DNA melt curve analysis and in Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) applications. Goof-Proof™ is a mistake-prevention master mix which contains a low concentration of blue dye. Additionally, Goof-Proof™ includes a DNA template buffer which has a higher concentration of blue dye. With the addition of the 2X Goof-Proof™ Master Mix to the reaction, it will appear light blue (see Figure 1). And when you add the template, containing DNA template buffer, the color will turn darker blue.

Goof-Proof™ Universal Probe Master Mix is a high-performance 2X master mix for fluorescent probe-based PCR applications such as SNP genotyping and quantitation. Goof-Proof™ has broad instrument compatibility, can be used in both standard and fast protocols and shows a high degree of consistency in both singleplex and multiplex reactions. The Goof-Proof™ Universal Probe Master Mix is perfectly designed for all fluorescent probe technologies, including displacement probes such as Molecular Beacon and hydrolysis probes such as TaqMan®.

Goof-Proof™ Universal Probe Master Mix with ROX is a high-performance 2X master mix for fluorescent probe-based PCR applications such as SNP genotyping and quantitation. Goof-Proof™ has broad instrument compatibility, can be used in both standard and fast protocols and shows a high degree of consistency in both singleplex and multiplex reactions. The Goof-Proof™ Universal Probe Master Mix is perfectly designed for all fluorescent probe technologies, including displacement probes such as Molecular Beacon and hydrolysis probes like TaqMan®.

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF) is synthesized as a transmembrane precursor that is cleaved by a protease to release HBEGF as the ectodomain. Its expression stimulates neurogenesis and is increased after the brain experiences cerebral hypoxia. HBEGF is known to participate in a variety of normal physiological processes such as blastocyst implantation and wound healing, as well as in pathological processes such as tumor growth, SMC hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. HBEGF is a glycoprotein exhibiting mitogenic and chemotactic activity in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts.

Interferon gamma is the only type II interferon and binds to the heterodimeric IFNGR that consists of two chains, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. This interaction activates the JAK-STAT pathway. IFNG is produced primarily by T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. It is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections. This is due partly to its ability to inhibit viral replication directly, but also due to its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects. IFNG induces the production of cytokines and upregulates the expression of class I and II MHC antigens, Fc receptors, and leukocyte adhesion molecules. It modulates macrophage effector functions, influences isotype switching, and potentiates the secretion of immunoglobulins by B cells. Additionally, IFNG augments TH1 cell expansion and may be required for TH1 cell differentiation.