Biochemical Reagents

EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent, a general chemical and a sequestrant. In molecular biology applications, it is used to minimize metal ion contamination and prevent enzymatic activity.

EDTA disodium is routinely used in electrophoresis DNA and protein separation applications to chelate metal ions required for enzymatic activity that could potentially damage DNA and protein structure.

Ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acid, (EGTA) is a calcium specific chelator. Because of its low affinity for Mg+, EGTA inhibits metalloproteases.

Glucose oxidase comes from Aspergillus niger and has many applications. Glucose oxidase can be used in the determination of glucose in colorimetric assays in conjunction with peroxidase, in the determination of glucose biosensors or for use as an enzyme label.

Glucose oxidase comes from Aspergillus niger and has many applications. Glucose oxidase can be used in the determination of glucose in colorimetric assays in conjunction with peroxidase, in the determination of glucose biosensors or for use as en enzyme label.

Because of its charge properties and small size, glycine is commonly used as a counter-ion in SDS-PAGE applications to balance running buffer charge and electric field strength.

Glycocholic acid, sodium salt hydrate is an ionic biologic detergent formed through the conjugation of cholic acid with glycine. It is used to measure total bile acids through fluorometric and enzymatic assays. Additionally, it is used to study its effect on testosterone micelle formation and solubilization.

Guanidine HCl is a freely soluble chaotropic agent routinely used for protein denaturation and folding.

During cell lysis and the extraction of DNA or RNA, denaturing enzymes such as DNase and RNase are released. To prevent DNA or RNA denaturation, the chaotropic agent, Guanadine thiocyanate is the preferred agent for use during cell lysis, and for DNA or RNA extraction. This is because of its strong ability to irreversibly inhibit the activity of DNase and RNase.

Guanadine thiocyanate has also been effective in deactivating enveloped viruses; however, it demonstrates far less effectiveness in nonenveloped viruses.

Hemin is an iron source with an iron-containing porphyrin ring. It is used to study conjugation and toxicity of lipophosphoglycan-polyacrylic acid conjugate for its potential as a vaccine against leishmaniasis.

Histamine dihydrochloride is a hydrophilic amine compound derived through the decarboxylation of histidine by L-histidine decarboxylase. It is a substrate used to assay histamine-N-methyltransferase ion-pair extraction of histamine using HPLC. Additionally, histamine dihydrochloride activates nitric oxide synthase and inhibits formation of reactive oxygen species.

IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) is a plant hormone belonging to the auxin family and assists in initiating root formation; the in vitro process is called micropropagation. Aside from accelerating root formation, it is used on various crops to stimulate flower development and the growth of fruits. This ultimately increases crop yields.

Historically, products that contained IBA were used to protect plants during transplantation by stimulating root growth and decreasing shock.

Iminodiacetic acid is a dicarboxylic acid amine used to regulate peptide mobility through capillary electrophoresis. It forms complexes that are stronger than glycine but weaker than nitrilotriacetic acid.

Indole-2-Carboxylic Acid is used in Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions and for the preparation of spirooxindole-pyrrolidones.

Indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester is a reagent involved in the preparation of: CRTH2 receptor antagonists, acetolactate synthase inhibitors, p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, and an anticancer agent against leukemia K562 cells.

Indole-3-acetyl-L-isoleucine is a conjugate of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and can be used as a plant growth regulator.

Indole-3-carbinol is an inhibitor of carcinogenesis at the initiation stage. However, it enhances carcinogenesis at the post-initiation stage. Indole-3-carbinol induces cell cycle arrest and additionally blocks cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression. It has been shown to suppress cell adhesion and migration in vitro.

Indole-3-Carboxylic acid is used to prepare antitumor agents and amino acid derivatives. Additionally, it can be used to synthesize serotonin 5-HT4 and 5-Ht6 receptor antagonists, Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) antagonists, and potential agents against Alzheimer's disease.

Indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester is useful in the preparation of: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, RNA polymerase II inhibitors, Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) inhibitors, serotonin 5-HT4 inhibitors, and protein kinase C alpha inhibitors.